Rational Molecular Engineering of Organic Semiconducting Nanoplatforms for Advancing NIR‐II Fluorescence Theranostics

Abstract

Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of OSNs for accurately optimized NIR-II FI and imaging-assisted advanced theranostics.

Fluorescent Silk Obtained by Feeding Silkworms with Fluorescent Materials†

“…[ 47 ] Since then, people have used fluorescent materials for lighting, [ 48 ] bioimaging, [ 49 ] anti‐counterfeiting encryption, [ 50 ] solar energy storage [ 51 ] and conversion, etc . More and more fluorescent materials were developed, including semiconductor quantum dots, [ 52 ] carbon dots, [ 53 ] complexes, [ 54 ] etc . Among them, organic fluorescent small molecular dyes are the traditional class, [ 47,55 ] which includes the famous rhodamine, [ 56 ] coumarin, [ 57 ] fluorescein, [ 58 ] cyanine, [ 59 ] BODIPY, [ 60 ] etc .…”

Brightness Strategies toward NIR-II Emissive Conjugated Materials: Molecular Design, Application, and Future Prospects

“…The second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) has always been accepted as an ideal range for high-performance bioimaging because of its high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in deep tissue. − In 2003, Frangioni and De Grand predicted that an optical window with a wavelength >1000 nm has good potential for use in the fluorescence bioimaging of deep tissue or living bodies . In 2009, Dai et al achieved the first NIR-II live fluorescence bioimaging with emission >1000 nm by using single-walled carbon nanotubes and achieved high resolution in deep tissue, thus opening a significant breakthrough in NIR-II fluorescence bioimaging. − Furthermore, the emergence of InGaAs cameras with large-area high-quality shortwave infrared focal plane arrays promoted the tremendous development of NIR-II fluorescence bioimaging .…”

NIR‐II Emissive Superoxide Radical Photogenerator for Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor

“…[4][5][6] With continuous efforts in developing ideal theranostic agents, phototheranostic agents which possess emission located around the second nearinfrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) and photodynamic/photothermal therapy synergistic effect (PDT/PTT) have drawn considerable attention because of overcoming several intrinsic obstacles of tumor including hypoxia, and complicated location during the treatment process. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Among reported NIR-II phototheranostic agents, donor-acceptor (D-A)-structured small molecule NIR-II phototheranostic agents have been one of the most promising candidates in this area. [7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]20,21] In past decades, the construction of the NIR-II phototheranostic agents is mainly focused on D-A-D or D-𝜋-A molecules.…”