Rational pharmacotherapy of animals with the basis of ranking antimicrobial drugs in veterinary laboratories

Makavchik, S.A.

doi:10.30896/0042-4846.2022.25.02.09-12

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…В составе группы метициллинрезистентных стафилококков (MRSA) выделяют: внутрибольничные варианты MRSA, внебольничные MRSA, MRSA, ассоциированные с сельскохозяйственными животными, распространённые среди сельскохозяйственных животных (livestock-associated MRSA, LA-MRSA) [10,9] Недавние исследования показали, что эти 2 подвида не отличаются по генотипу или клиническим признакам, которые они вызывают,следовательно, оба должны считаться важными патогенами. коагулазоположительные и коагулазоотрицательные S schleiferi связаны с пиодермией (особенно рецидивирующей пиодермией) и отитом у собак с аллергическим дерматитом, хотя также сообщалось об инфекциях других участков тела у собак проявления аллергической реакции [4,5,8].…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

“…Здоровые собаки и кошки могут быть колонизированы MRSA, хотя эта колонизация, вероятно, носит временный характер. Как и в случае с MRSP, изоляты MRSA часто устойчивы к небеталактамным антибиотикам, особенно: фторхинолонам, линкозамидам, макролидам [1,4,8].…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

“…Род Staphylococcus и их растущая резистентность к противомикробным препаратам, особенно к метициллину, представляет собой проблему для практикующих ветеринарных врачей. Сложность в детекции механизмов резистентности стафилококков к антибиотикам часто приводит к неэффективной терапии и длительному течению болезни [1,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Устойчивость стафилококков к пенициллину составляет по данным исследований около 80%. Такая высокая устойчивость вызвана выработкой специфического фермента -пенициллазы, синтез которого опосредуется бета-лактамными антибиотиками [9,10,2,5,4].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Laboratory methods for monitoring resistance to methycillin of Staphylococcus of zoonotic origin

Makavchik

Borisova

2023

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The development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is considered a modern phenomenon, which is usually caused by empirical antibiotic therapy. One of the representatives with high antibiotic resistance is staphylococcus aureus.Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics and is responsible for most nosocomial infections. This microorganism synthesizes penicillinase, an enzyme that breaks down penicillin molecules. To effectively combat Staphylococcus aureus, a modified penicillin, methicillin, was previously used, the molecule of which was not destroyed by this enzyme. However, methicillin-resistant strains of this pathogen are also known today.As part of the group of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA), there are three subgroups: nosocomial variants of MRSA, community-acquired MRSA, MRSA associated with farm animals, common among farm animals (livestockassociated MRSA, LA-MRSA). MRSA are characterized by multidrug resistance.It was previously believed that Staphylococcus intermedius is the most dangerous staphylococcus for pets. However, over the past few years it has been found that the most common is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is gaining increasing relevance. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is a bacterium commonly found on the skin, mouth, nasal mucosa, and gastrointestinal tract in approximately 50% of pets. Unlike MRSA, MRSP is much more common in dogs and cats. One of the main methods of laboratory control over their spread is a monitoring study of the epizootic and epidemiological situation among animals and the population.The home environment plays a major role in the transmission of MRSA and MRSP, therefore, by taking careful measures to prevent the spread of infection, the likelihood of infection in both companion animals and humans can be reduced.The determination of sensitivity and resistance by phenotypic methods is carried out using: disk diffusion method, broth microdilution method, agar dilution method, E-test method.Laboratory methods for monitoring the mechanisms of resistance of staphylococci to methicillin include phenotypic methods using disks with oxacillin, or cefoxitin.Genotypic methods using polymerase chain reaction allow detecting the mecA, mecC gene.For a serological diagnostic method, a latex agglutination test is used to identify MRSA and MSSA (PSB2a / PSB2 spicelin-binding protein).Treatment of animals requires special attention because infections caused by multi-resistant staphylococci are more severe, chronic or latent, which increases the duration of treatment.

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Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Laboratory methods for monitoring resistance to methycillin of Staphylococcus of zoonotic origin

Makavchik

Borisova

2023

jour

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“…Кишечник домашних может быть колонизирован Escherichia coli и Enterococcus faecium. На сегодняшний день имеется мало исследований о структуры штаммов K. pneumoniae, колонизирующих здоровых собак и кошек [8,4,1].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and practical significance for veterinary medicine

Makavchik

Borisova

2023

jour

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For successful pharmacotherapy of animals, species identification of pathogens, analysis of antibiograms and interpretation of the results, and laboratory monitoring of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are important. This is necessary for veterinarians to rationally select antibacterial drugs and predict their clinical effectiveness. In veterinary clinics, antimicrobial therapy requires review of therapeutic efficacy more often than other treatments.Klebsiella are widely distributed in nature. These microorganisms are often etiological factors in septicemia in cattle, birds, horses, pigs, as well as in the development of infectious diarrhea in young farm animals.The purpose of the study is to study the antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from dogs and its practical significance for veterinary medicine.Materials and methods. The microorganism K. pneumoniae was isolated from wound contents in a dachshund dog. The dog was observed in the intensive care unit in the veterinary clinic.The sensitivity to antibacterial drugs was assessed by the method of diffusion of antibiotics into agar.Research results. In the period from 2021 to 2022, a total of 100 isolates were isolated from dogs with purulentinflammatory processes, among which 18% are gram-negative and 82% are gram-positive microorganisms, and the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation is 1%.The isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia were characterized by resistance to aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin), III generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime), IV cephalosporins (cefepime), penicillins (Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem). ), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin) and a number of other antimicrobial drugs (sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim). Klebsiella was highly sensitive only to fosfomycin.When analyzing this antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae, it is necessary to conduct additional laboratory studies in order to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and to study the mechanisms of resistance.Conclusion. Among strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wound exudate in dogs, there is a spread of resistance to most antibiotics, as well as an increase in resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems. It is necessary to carry out laboratory control of antibiotic resistance for further rational use of antibacterial drugs.

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Practical Application of the AMRcloud Online Platform for Veterinary Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance of Zoonotic Pathogens

Krotova,

Makavchik,

Sukhinin

2023

A&Ch

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Background. Veterinary monitoring of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of zoonotic diseases is necessary for the rational use of antibiotics. Integration and use of the AMRcloud online platform in veterinary institutions will significantly simplify data processing, increase the speed of data analysis of monitoring results, and help overcome the interagency barrier in the exchange of information between human medicine and veterinary medicine.The aim of the study is the practical ap- plication of the AMRcloud online platform for veterinary monitoring of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of zoonotic origin.Material and methods. In the course of veterinary monitoring, the susceptibility of 275 isolates (16 species of bacteria) to 13 antimicrobial drugs most commonly used in animal husbandry was determined. Among the antimicrobial drugs were: amoxiclav, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tobramycin, cephalexin cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and colistin. The data obtained were combined into a single system using the AMRcloud online platform.Results. The most common causative agents of mastitis were identified: Streptococcus agalactiae (n=96), Escherichia coli (n=55), Staphylococcus aureus (n=33) and Enterococcus faecalis (n=31). ESBL production have been detected in 13 (19.7%) of 66 isolates of the order Enterobacterales, isolated from clinical material of cattle and small ruminants, which limits the use of beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis.Conclusion. The use of the AMRcloud online platform in veterinary laboratories greatly simplifies data processing, increases the result analysis speed, and provides an opportunity to exchange information on antibiotic resistance between laboratories.

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Rational pharmacotherapy of animals with the basis of ranking antimicrobial drugs in veterinary laboratories

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Laboratory methods for monitoring resistance to methycillin of Staphylococcus of zoonotic origin

Laboratory methods for monitoring resistance to methycillin of Staphylococcus of zoonotic origin

Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and practical significance for veterinary medicine

Practical Application of the AMRcloud Online Platform for Veterinary Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance of Zoonotic Pathogens

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