Rational selection of heating temperature set points for China's hot summer – Cold winter climatic region

Wang, Zhe; Dear, Richard de; Lin, Borong; Zhu, Yingxin; Ouyang, Qiubao

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.07.008

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The differences of the lower limits of temperatures are up to 1.76 o C for HSCW zone and 1.36 o C for HSWW zone at 30%RH. This means if the heating is available in winter in residential buildings, the design set point of temperature could be 1.76 o C and 1.36 o C lower respectively than the values recommended in the present standards, without compromising occupants' thermal comfort, which further supports the study by [49]. On the other hand, the extension of comfort zones would shorten the heating and cooling periods in these zones.…”

Section: Occupants' Thermal Adaptation For Thermal Environment Designsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This suggests that occupants who have been acclimatized to the local climate for a long time would have stronger thermal tolerance and weaker sensitivity to temperature variations [13,[19][20][21]. More importantly, the long-term physiological acclimatization of occupants may persist even when heating facilities are introduced into their built environments [49]. Besides, apart from physiological adaptation, psychological adaptation also plays an important role in determining occupants' thermal satisfaction: in fact, occupants would lower their psychological expectation on thermal environments if they realize they are unable to change but to accept it [19].…”

Section: Occupants' Thermal Adaptation For Thermal Environment Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor thermal environments in Chinese residential buildings responding to the diversity of climates

Yao

et al. 2018

Applied Thermal Engineering

126

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China has a diversity of climates and a unique historic national heating policy which greatly affects indoor thermal environment and the occupants' thermal response. This paper analyzes quantitatively the data from a large-scale field study across the country conducted from 2008 to 2011 in residential buildings. The study covers nine typical cities located in the five climate zones including Severe Cold (SC), Cold (C), Hot Summer and Cold Winter (HSCW), Hot Summer and Warm Winter (HSWW) and Mild (M) zones. It is revealed that there exists a large regional discrepancy in indoor thermal environment, the worst performing region being the HSCW zone. Different graphic comfort zones with acceptable range of temperature and humidity for the five climate zones are obtained using the adaptive Predictive Mean Vote (aPMV) model. The results show that occupants living in the poorer thermal environments in the HSCW and HSWW zones are more adaptive and tolerant to poor indoor conditions than those living in the north part of China where central heating systems are in use. It is therefore recommended to develop regional evaluation standards of thermal environments responding to climate characteristics as well as local occupants' acclimatization and adaptation in order to meeting dual targets of energy conservation and indoor thermal environment improvement.

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Section: Occupants' Thermal Adaptation For Thermal Environment Designsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Occupants' Thermal Adaptation For Thermal Environment Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor thermal environments in Chinese residential buildings responding to the diversity of climates

Yao

et al. 2018

Applied Thermal Engineering

126

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“…Therefore, in a long run, whether such moisture effects on wears' comfort would disappear or last should be examined based on further experiments and field investigations. Moreover, as the "part space-part time" intermittent heating mode is highly recommended in HSCW zone for winter heating [70], coupled with higher air humidity outdoors and the preferred window opening habits of occupants [9], the indoor high air humidity and moisture may not be alleviated significantly during heating situations, especially for residential buildings. In that case, this study revealed the negative effect of moisture evaporation in clothing enhancing body heat loss, which should not be neglected.…”

Section: Limitations and Further Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture in clothing and its transient influence on human thermal responses through clothing microenvironment in cold environments in winter

Hong

et al. 2019

Building and Environment

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Air humidity produces conditions of varying moisture contents in clothing, which affects the heat and moisture transfer between human body, clothing and environment, as well as the wearers' comfort. This study was designed to evaluate the moisture effects in clothing in cold environments. A series of wearing experiments were conducted in a climate chamber, simulating transient moisture absorption and desorption in experimental clothes. Totally 20 subjects were involved in three temperature levels (16 o C/20 o C/24 o C) and two relative humidity levels (15% RH/85% RH) during winter, with physiological measurement and subjective evaluation. The results showed that moisture in clothing under 85% RH significantly reduced subject mean skin temperatures(MST) and increased the local blood flow, due to enhanced heat loss by 2 vapour evaporation. The initial skin wettedness was approximately 0.7 at 85% RH and stabilised at 0.33 after 90min exposure. The skin heat loss (Qskin) at 85% RH was almost twice as high as that at 15% RH under the same temperature conditions, owing to larger sensible and evaporative heat loss caused by moist clothing. The inner clothing effective temperature Teff was proposed to relate to TSV that the TSV increased by 1.12 units with an increase of 1 o C of Teff, which quantified the coupled effects of air temperature and humidity in clothing microenvironment on human thermal comfort. The findings address the negative effect of clothing absorbing a large amount of moisture, which should be considered for indoor heating temperature designs in coldhumid environments.

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“…The approaches to curtail building energy consumption while improving environmental quality not only include applying energy efficient technologies [6] and materials [7], enhancing building sensing, prediction [8], [9] and control [10], but also rely on a better understanding of occupants' behaviors and their true demands. A key research question to understand occupants' thermal demand is what is the suitable indoor temperature set-point that could satisfy occupants' comfort need at affordable energy consumption level [11]. The answer to this question is the basis for building design, performance simulation, cooling technology selection and operation [12], control optimization, prediction-based analysis and policymaking [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning occupants’ indoor comfort temperature through a Bayesian inference approach for office buildings in United States

Wang

Hong

2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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A carefully chosen indoor comfort temperature as the thermostat set-point is the key to optimizing building energy use and occupants' comfort and well-being. ASHRAE Standard 55 or ISO Standard 7730 uses the PMV-PPD model or the adaptive comfort model that is based on small-sized or outdated sample data, which raises questions on whether and how ranges of occupant thermal comfort temperature should be revised using more recent larger-sized dataset. In this paper, a Bayesian inference approach has been used to derive new occupant comfort temperature ranges for U.S. office buildings using the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database. Bayesian inference can express uncertainty and incorporate prior knowledge. The comfort temperatures were found to be higher and less variable at cooling mode than at heating mode, and with significant overlapped variation ranges between the two modes. The comfort operative temperature of occupants varies between 21.9 and 25.4°C for the cooling mode with a median of 23.7°C, and between 20.5 and 24.9°C for the heating mode with a median of 22.7°C. These comfort temperature ranges are similar to the current ASHRAE standard 55 in the heating mode but 2-3°C lower in the cooling mode. The results of this study could be adopted as more realistic thermostat set-points in building design, operation, control optimization, energy performance analysis, and policymaking.

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Rational selection of heating temperature set points for China's hot summer – Cold winter climatic region

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Indoor thermal environments in Chinese residential buildings responding to the diversity of climates

Indoor thermal environments in Chinese residential buildings responding to the diversity of climates

Moisture in clothing and its transient influence on human thermal responses through clothing microenvironment in cold environments in winter

Learning occupants’ indoor comfort temperature through a Bayesian inference approach for office buildings in United States

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