Fibrous perovskite oxide has been the most promising cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) due to its efficient mass and charge transfer. Herein, a core−shell fiber-structured YCo 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3 (YCF)− Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 (GDC) cathode is synthesized via the modified electrospinning technique. These unique YCF−GDC fibers exhibit a uniform diameter of 300 nm, and the GDC particles are attached to the YCF fiber cores. The electrochemical performance demonstrates a relatively low area-specific resistance of 0.66 Ω•cm 2 at 550 °C in air, which is much lower than 1.56 Ω•cm 2 of pure YCF fiber cathode. Moreover, the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis results indicate that the introduction of GDC nanoparticles and the core−shell structure greatly facilitate oxygen-ion conduction and charge transfer processes, and the oxygen incorporation process plays a major role in the total polarization resistance. The NiO−GDC|GDC|fibrous YCF−GDC fuel cell shows a maximum power density of 426.5 mW•cm −2 at 550 °C. These results display that the core−shell fiber-structured YCF− GDC composite oxide is a promising candidate of highly active cathode for IT-SOFCs.