Rationale and opportunities in estimating the economic burden of seasonal influenza across countries using a standardized <scp>WHO</scp> tool and manual

Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn; Kotirum, Surachai; Newall, Anthony T.; Lambach, Philipp; Hutubessy, Raymond

doi:10.1111/irv.12491

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In first world / industrialised countries, most deaths associated with influenza occur among people age 65 or older [59]. Clinics and hospitals, in many countries, can be overwhelmed during peak illness periods, and there can be substantial economic cost [60].…”

Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics

et al. 2018

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The Human Viral Challenge (HVC) model has, for many decades, helped in the understanding of respiratory viruses and their role in disease pathogenesis. In a controlled setting using small numbers of volunteers removed from community exposure to other infections, this experimental model enables proof of concept work to be undertaken on novel therapeutics, including vaccines, immunomodulators and antivirals, as well as new diagnostics.Crucially, unlike conventional phase 1 studies, challenge studies include evaluable efficacy endpoints that then guide decisions on how to optimise subsequent field studies, as recommended by the FDA and thus licensing studies that follow. Such a strategy optimises the benefit of the studies and identifies possible threats early on, minimising the risk to subsequent volunteers but also maximising the benefit of scarce resources available to the research group investing in the research. Inspired by the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) now commonly applied in the preclinical phase, HVC studies allow refinement and reduction of the subsequent development phase, accelerating progress towards further statistically powered phase 2b studies. The breadth of data generated from challenge studies allows for exploration of a wide range of variables and endpoints that can then be taken through to pivotal phase 3 studies.We describe the disease burden for acute respiratory viral infections for which current conventional development strategies have failed to produce therapeutics that meet clinical need. The Authors describe the HVC model’s utility in increasing scientific understanding and in progressing promising therapeutics through development.The contribution of the model to the elucidation of the virus-host interaction, both regarding viral pathogenicity and the body’s immunological response is discussed, along with its utility to assist in the development of novel diagnostics.Future applications of the model are also explored.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0784-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics

et al. 2018

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“…According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO) posted online in 2018, only influenza A virus (IAV) has caused pandemics up to now, and most human influenza cases are due to the infection of two IAV strains, H1N1 and H3N2. IAV have laid heavy burdens on global population and economy these years [3]. Although vaccine inoculation and antiviral drug administration have been proved to be effective ways to control influenza, epidemics occur sometimes as a result of antigenic drift, which urges the development of novel anti-influenza drugs [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by olaparib ameliorates influenza-virus-induced pneumonia in mice

Liu

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Treatments against influenza A viruses (IAV) have to be updated regularly due to antigenic drift and drug resistance. Poly (ADPribose) polymerases (PARPs) are considered effective therapeutic targets of acute lung inflammatory injury. This study aimed to explore the effects of PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib on IAV-induced lung injury and the underlying mechanisms. Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice were intranasally infected with IAV strain H1N1 to mimic pneumonia experimentally. Olaparib at different doses was intraperitoneally injected 2 days before and 5 consecutive days after virus stimulation. On day 6 post-infection, lung tissues as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were sampled for histological and biochemical analyses. Olaparib increased the survival rate of IAV mice dose-dependently. Olaparib remarkably reduced IAV mRNA expression, myeloperoxidase (MPO) level, and inflammatory cell infiltration in IAV lungs. Moreover, olaparib significantly reduced the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and IL-4 and increased IL-10 in IAV lungs. Also, olaparib efficiently reduced IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), TNF-α, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)3, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) release in IAV BALF. Olaparib decreased PARylated protein content and p65, IκBα phosphorylation in IAV lung tissues. This study successfully constructed the pneumonia murine model using IAV. Olaparib decreased IAV-induced mortality in mice, lung injury, and cytokine production possibly via modulation of PARP-1/NF-κB axis.

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“…Influenza epidemics have a major public health impact, causing an estimated three to five million cases of severe illness worldwide and approximately 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually [ 1 ]. Severe influenza illness can lead to increased hospitalization and mortality rates during seasonal epidemics and pandemics, which result in a considerable healthcare and socio-economic burden [ 2 ]. Elderly people, children under 5 years of age and individuals with underlying medical conditions are most likely to suffer complications following influenza infection [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the risk of severe outcomes and the role of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women hospitalized with confirmed influenza, Spain, 2010/11-2015/16

et al. 2018

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Based on previous observations during pandemics and seasonal epidemics, pregnant women are considered at risk of developing severe influenza outcomes after influenza infection. With the aim of preventing severe influenza illness, the World Health Organization (WHO) includes pregnant women as a target group for seasonal influenza vaccination. However, influenza vaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low in many countries, including Spain. The objectives of this study were to increase the evidence of pregnancy as a risk factor for severe influenza illness and to study the potential role of seasonal influenza vaccination in the prevention of severe outcomes in infected pregnant women. Using information from the surveillance of Severe Hospitalized Confirmed Influenza Cases (SHCIC) in Spain, from seasons 2010/11 to 2015/16, we estimated that pregnant women in our study had a relative risk of hospitalization with severe influenza nearly 7.8 times higher than non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Only 5 out of 167 pregnant women with known vaccination status in our study had been vaccinated (3.6%). Such extremely low vaccination coverage only allowed obtaining crude estimates suggesting a protective effect of the vaccine against influenza complications (ICU admission or death). Our overall results support that pregnant women could benefit from seasonal influenza vaccination, in line with national and international recommendations.

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Rationale and opportunities in estimating the economic burden of seasonal influenza across countries using a standardized WHO tool and manual

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics

The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics

Pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by olaparib ameliorates influenza-virus-induced pneumonia in mice

Exploring the risk of severe outcomes and the role of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women hospitalized with confirmed influenza, Spain, 2010/11-2015/16

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