Rationale for combination of radiation therapy and immune checkpoint blockers to improve cancer treatment

Dahl, Olav; Dale, Jon Espen; Brydøy, Marianne

doi:10.1080/0284186x.2018.1554259

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…However, certain populations of immune cells may not be sensitive to radiation. Those are, for example, Tregs which also produce tumorgrowth factor beta (TGF-β), and thus, increase the ability of the tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance [55,63].…”

Section: Combinatorial Approaches: Radiotherapy and Icismentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Treatment Options in Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma: Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination Therapies

et al. 2022

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Background: Metastatic esophageal carcinoma (EC) has a poor prognosis and only limited treatment options. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers, patients with EC mostly fail to respond to this treatment. For that reason, it is crucial to understand the immune phenotype of each cancer patient and moreover, to understand how different therapies modulate the cancer microenvironment and sensitize the tumors to the treatment with ICIs. Summary: We have conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the potential of ICI therapy in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or biologic therapy in EC patients. In our review, we have discussed the effects of diverse treatment approaches on the tumor microenvironment of EC. In addition, we have reviewed the current phase II and III clinical trials in EC patients to provide a rationale for immunotherapy application in combination settings with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or biologic therapy. Key Messages: A great effort is already underway in clinical trials evaluating the combinatorial administration of ICIs and other treatment modalities in metastatic EC patients. PD-L1 expression status was shown to be higher in the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as compared to adenocarcinoma. Thus, ICIs plus chemotherapy are being discussed as a particularly feasible option for patients with SCC. Radiation was shown to induce the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and to promote the priming and activation of cytotoxic T cells which provides a rationale for ICI administration in a combination with radiotherapy. The combination of ICIs with biologic therapy was shown to be safe; however, the impact on the clinical outcomes of EC patients varied among studies.

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Section: Combinatorial Approaches: Radiotherapy and Icismentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Treatment Options in Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma: Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination Therapies

et al. 2022

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“…Within the field of radiation oncology, side-effects of radiotherapy are often associated with injury to the surrounding vasculature [109,110]. Another obstacle is the intrinsic radioresistance, urging further exploration of combining IR with other cancer treatment modalities [111,112]. The combination of IR with different -radiosensitizing -treatment modalities, has been a focus of several studies using the CAM as a surrogate in vivo model [94,113].…”

Section: Radiation-based Studies Using the Cam Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor grafted – chick chorioallantoic membrane as an alternative model for biological cancer research and conventional/nanomaterial-based theranostics evaluation

Mapanao

Pei

Sarogni

et al. 2021

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology

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Introduction: Advancements in cancer management and treatment are associated with strong preclinical research data, in which reliable cancer models are demanded. Indeed, inconsistent preclinical findings and stringent regulations following the 3Rs principle of reduction, refinement, and replacement of conventional animal models currently pose challenges in the development and translation of efficient technologies. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a system for the evaluation of treatment effects on the vasculature, therefore suitable for studies on angiogenesis. Apart from vascular effects, the model is now increasingly employed as a preclinical cancer model following tumorgrafting procedures. Areas covered: The broad application of CAM tumor model is highlighted along with the methods for analyzing the neoplasm and vascular system. The presented and cited investigations focus on cancer biology and treatment, encompassing both conventional and emerging nanomaterial-based modalities. Expert opinion: The CAM tumor model finds increased significance given the influences of angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment in cancer behavior, then providing a qualified miniature system for oncological research. Ultimately, the establishment and increased employment of such a model may resolve some of the limitations present in the standard preclinical tumor models, thereby redefining the preclinical research workflow.

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“…Combinations of ICB therapy with targeted drugs [119][120][121], chemotherapy [122,123] and radiation [124,125] are currently in clinical trials. It is important that CD8 T-cells may attack cancer cells in any site in the body, thus being a systemic anticancer agent.…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pioneers behind immune checkpoint blockers awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine 2018

Dahl

Brydøy

2019

Acta Oncologica

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Rationale for combination of radiation therapy and immune checkpoint blockers to improve cancer treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 158 publications

Novel Treatment Options in Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma: Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination Therapies

Novel Treatment Options in Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma: Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination Therapies

Tumor grafted – chick chorioallantoic membrane as an alternative model for biological cancer research and conventional/nanomaterial-based theranostics evaluation

The pioneers behind immune checkpoint blockers awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine 2018

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