Rationale for Data Evaluation of the Size Distribution Measurements of Agglomerates and Aggregates in Gases with Extended SMPS-Technology

Fißan, H.; Kaminski, Heinz; Asbach, Christof; Pui, David Y.H.; Wang, Jing

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2013.02.0050

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Here, we are investigating only spherical particles to avoid the increasing uncertainties, particularly in the surface area and volume/mass determination of non-spherical particles. 11…”

Section: Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (Smps) For Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different characterization methods for nanoparticle dispersions before and after aerosolization

et al. 2014

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A well-known and accepted aerosol measurement technique, the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), is applied to characterize colloidally dispersed nanoparticles. To achieve a transfer from dispersed particles to aerosolized particles, a newly developed nebulizer (N) is used that, unlike commonly used atomizers, produces significantly smaller droplets and therefore reduces the problem of the formation of residual particles. The capabilities of this new instrument combination (N + SMPS) for the analysis of dispersions were investigated, using three different dispersions, i.e. gold-PVP nanoparticles ($20 nm), silver-PVP nanoparticles ($70 nm) and their 1 : 1 (m : m) mixture. The results are compared to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements and two frequently applied techniques for characterizing colloidal systems: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and analytical disc centrifugation (ADC). The differences, advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, especially with respect to the size resolution of the techniques and their ability to distinguish the particle sizes of the mixed dispersion. While DLS is, as expected, unable to resolve the binary dispersion, SEM, ADC and SMPS are able to give quantitative information on the two particle sizes. However, while the high-resolving ADC is limited due to the dependency on a predefined density of the investigated system, the transfer of dispersed particles into an aerosol and subsequent analysis with SMPS are an adequate way to characterize binary systems, independent of the density of concerned particles, but matching the high resolution of the ADC. We show that it is possible to use the well-established aerosol measurement technique (N + SMPS) in colloid science with all its advantages concerning size resolution and accuracy.

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“…Here, we are investigating only spherical particles to avoid the increasing uncertainties, particularly in the surface area and volume/mass determination of non-spherical particles. 11…”

Section: Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (Smps) For Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…agglomerates and aggregates. 11 It is necessary for measurement techniques for both material systems, i.e. aerosols and dispersions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different characterization methods for nanoparticle dispersions before and after aerosolization

et al. 2014

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“…Even in case of direct release from an airborne synthesis processes, primary particles can already start to agglomerate or aggregate in the reactor and may further coagulate at or very near the point of release with similar result (Makela et al, 2009;Hämeri et al, 2009;Schneider et al, 2011;Koivisto et al, 2012;Koivisto et al, 2015). Measurements are therefore challenging when the aerosol structure is not known, because this in principle prevents the possibility to convert number-size-distribution measurements into reliable surface area values (Fissan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Trust Real Time Measurements of Lung Deposited Surface Area Concentrations in Dust from Powder Nanomaterials?

Levin

Witschger

Bau

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A comparison between various methods for real-time measurements of lung deposited surface area (LDSA) using spherical particles and powder dust with specific surface area ranging from 0.03 to 112 m 2 g -1 was conducted. LDSA concentrations measured directly using Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (NSAM) and Aerotrak and were compared to LDSA concentrations recalculated from size distribution measurements using Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) and Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS). FMPS and ELPI measurements were also compared to dust surface area concentrations estimated from gravimetrical filter measurements and specific surface areas.Measurement of LDSA showed very good correlation in measurements of spherical particles (R 2 > 0.97, Ratio 1.0 to 1.04). High surface area nanomaterial powders showed a fairly reliable correlation between NSAM and Aerotrak (R 2 0.73-0.93) and a material-dependent offset in the ratios (1.04-2.8). However, the correlation and ratio were inconsistent for lower LDSA concentrations. Similar levels of correlation were observed for the NSAM and the FMPS for high surface area materials, but with the FMPS overestimating the LDSA concentration. The ELPI showed good correlation with NSAM data for high LDSA materials (R 2 0.87-0.93), but not for lower LDSA concentrations (R 2 0.50-0.72). Comparisons of respirable dust surface area from ELPI data correlated well (R 2 > 0.98) with that calculated from filter samples, but materials-specific exceptions were present.We conclude that there is currently insufficient reliability and comparability between methods in the measurement of LDSA concentrations. Further development is required to enable use of LDSA for reliable dose metric and regulatory enforcement of exposure.

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From nanoobject release of (Bio)nanomaterials to exposure

Fißan¹,

Horn²,

Stahlmecke

et al. 2013

BioNanoMaterials

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An increasing variety of different nanostructured materials including bionanomaterials are used. During synthesis, but also during use of nanostructured materials along their life-cycle, nanostructured materials and engineered nano-objects (ENO) -may be released into the environment. They will follow different exposure pathways and create an exposure concentration at the point of different biological systems, especially human beings. The inhalation pathway is of greatest importance with regard to health issues. The exposure concentration together with the breathing conditions integrated over time leads to the dose of the deposited material, which is of greatest interest for different effect studies. We discuss in this paper the kind of nanostructured material released from bionanomaterials into the environment. A large part of existing exposure studies in the literature is critically considered. A strategy is proposed to investigate in a more effective way the ENO-release from nanostructured materials as the first step of the exposure pathway. The release -exposure relationship as well as exposure -dose relationship for the case of inhalation is described leading to the possibility of tracing and ideally a complete balancing from ENO-release to dose. In the end the still needed activities for ENO-control methods in the environment are summarized.

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Rationale for Data Evaluation of the Size Distribution Measurements of Agglomerates and Aggregates in Gases with Extended SMPS-Technology

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Comparison of different characterization methods for nanoparticle dispersions before and after aerosolization

Comparison of different characterization methods for nanoparticle dispersions before and after aerosolization

Can We Trust Real Time Measurements of Lung Deposited Surface Area Concentrations in Dust from Powder Nanomaterials?

From nanoobject release of (Bio)nanomaterials to exposure

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