Rationally designed functionally graded porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds with high strength and toughness built via selective laser melting for load-bearing orthopedic applications

Functional Gradient Metallic Biomaterials: Techniques, Current Scenery, and Future Prospects in the Biomedical Field

“…The porosity of samples was in the range of 52-67% with the approximate pore size between 420 and 630 µm, and then the mechanical and physical properties as well as their deformation behavior was studied. The resultant Young's modulus was comparable with the cortical bone (Xiong et al, 2020). In another study, Onal et al (2018) use the SLM technique to produce Ti6Al4V porous scaffolds with three strut diameters (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm), two gradations (dense-in, dense-out), and BCC structure.…”

“…The SLM technique is able to produce complex porous FGM scaffolds; for example, the gradient porosity variation strategy is suitable for orthopedic implants to mimic the natural bone structure. Xiong et al (2020) studied the production of porous Ti6Al4V FGM parts for orthopedic applications by utilization of the SLM method. The gradient porous cellular structures have two kinds of unit cells (honeycomb and diamond-like unit cells).…”

“…It is confirmed that the addition of structural support can substantially improve its compressive strength and toughness along with the preservation of the appropriate elastic modulus. It can also improve the stability of the scaffold and maintain solid energy absorption ability (Xiong et al, 2020). Overall, AM methods are among the best candidates for FGM production in the biomedical field.…”

Topological Design of a Trabecular Bone Structure With Morphology and Mechanics Control for Additive Manufacturing

“…[11], the human cancellous bone has a Yong's modulus range of 0.1-4.5 Gpa and ultimate strength range of 1.5-38 Mpa. Compared to Ti6Al4V gradient porous structure built by other researches [16], the as-fabricated Ti6Al4V structure presented a satisfying mechanical performance with more reasonable match in modulus and strength as those of the cancellous bone and suitable pore size and overall porosity.…”

“…Several attempts have been implemented to achieve gradient hierarchical arrangement of pores or random microarchitecture. Typical design strategies include computer aided design (CAD), image-based design, implicit surface modeling and topology optimization [2,[12][13][14][15][16]. CADbased design is obtained by using modern CAD tools which enables the redistribution of the density of structural parts.…”