Rationally designed hole transporting layer system for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Abstract

In this review, p‐type doping technologies for organic/polymeric semiconductors in hole transporting layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are examined. Initially, we investigate the conventional dopant systems used for HTL in terms of dopants and additives, as well as their doping principles and limitations. Second, we recapitulate the current research strategies for overcoming the limitations of conventional dopant systems: (i) dopants/additives with large cations, (ii) hydrophobic dopants/additives, (iii) locking‐capable dopants/additives, (iv) rinsing or ion exchange methods, and (v) other methods. Afterwards, we provide a comprehensive analysis of alternative dopants based on ionic liquids, Lewis acids, strong acceptors, and others. In addition, the review emphasizes current achievements based on multiple research approaches to diverse hole transporting materials, surface/interfacial treatment, and architectural modification of HTL, and provides a perspective on developments of desirable HTL system for efficient and stable PSCs.image

Advanced Materials for High-Efficiency Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Exploration in Material Science

“…Lee et al centre on the plan of a gaptransporting layer framework for proficient and steady perovskite sun-powered cells. The think about emphasizes the significance of optimizing the charge transport layers to improve general gadget execution [10]. Sound plan approaches are basic for accomplishing dependable and reproducible sun-based cell models.…”

Numerical simulation of a novel high performance solid‐state dye‐sensitised solar cell based on N719 dye

“…Generally, the energy band alignment at the ETL/photoactive layer and the photoactive layer/HTL interfaces considerably influences the operational performance of the device [98]. For instance, if the valence band off-set is negative, the recombination at the photoactive layer/HTL interface decreases [11,99]. Meanwhile, from Figure 6, the band structure did not show any offsets (VB offset or CB offset) an indication that some recombination may have occurred at the interfaces [77].…”

“…These characteristics serve as the cornerstone for understanding the performance and dynamics of ssDSSCs, particularly under adverse environmental conditions. The device conductance invariably fluctuates with temperature, owing to alterations in material properties, such as charge carrier mobility and transport layer conductivity [99,114]. Elevated temperatures typically yield augmented conductance due to heightened charge carrier mobility.…”

Avoiding Photocyclized Degradation of Electrochromic Materials Based on Quantum Chemical Molecular Design

“…Organic electrochromic (EC) molecules, which reversibly switch between transparent and colored states via electrochemical redox reactions, can be utilized in various smart displays, energy-saving building materials, , and other areas. Triphenylamine (TPA) and its derivatives are EC molecules that exhibit various colored states through chemical modification of π-electron systems. − However, TPA-based compounds typically undergo various degradation, including photocyclization to give carbazole derivatives, decomposition, and isomerization under sunlight exposure. − Photodegradation affects physical properties, such as carrier transportation, redox potential, and other optical characteristics, necessitating the inclusion of degradation resistance. A molecular design based on physical chemistry is essential for the development of practical EC materials.…”