Rats clearing a vaginal infection by Candida albicans acquire specific, antibody-mediated resistance to vaginal reinfection

Cassone, Antonio; Boccanera, Maria; Adriani, Daniela; Santoni, Giorgio; Bernardis, Flavia De

doi:10.1128/iai.63.7.2619-2624.1995

Cited by 119 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A number of mammalian models have been used to determine the relative pathogenicity of medically important fungi [1,2,5,26]. The data presented here indicate that G. mellonella larvae can be employed to di¡erentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic yeast species and to demonstrate di¡erences in the pathogenicity of yeasts of the genus Candida.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development of an insect model for the in vivo pathogenicity testing of yeasts

Cotter

2000

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

111

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Conventional in vivo assays to determine the relative pathogenicity of yeast isolates rely upon the use of a range of mammalian species. The purpose of the work presented here was to investigate the possibility of using an insect (Galleria mellonella) as a model system for in vivo pathogenicity testing. The haemolymph of G. mellonella larvae was inoculated with PBS containing different concentrations of stationary phase yeasts of the genus Candida by injection at the last pro-leg. Larvae were incubated at 30 degrees C and monitored over 72 hours. Results indicate that G. mellonella can be killed by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans and by a range of other Candida species but not to a significant extent by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The kill kinetics for larvae inoculated with clinical and laboratory isolates of C. albicans indicate the former class of isolates to be more pathogenic. Differences in the relative pathogenicity of a range of Candida species may be distinguished using G. mellonella as a model. This work indicates that G. mellonella may be employed to give results consistent with data previously obtained using mammals in conventional in vivo pathogenicity testing. Larvae of G. mellonella are inexpensive to culture, easy to manipulate and their use may reduce the need to employ mammals for routine in vivo pathogenicity testing with a concomitant reduction in mammalian suffering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Development of an insect model for the in vivo pathogenicity testing of yeasts

Cotter

2000

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

111

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“…Vaginal fluid was considered positive for a determined antibody when the OD was greater than two times the value of the well coated with the same antigen and tested with the vaginal fluid of nonimmunized, uninfected rats [the 1 : 2 diluted fluids never exceeded a reading of 0.14 (for IgA), and 0.10 (for IgG)]. ELISA-positive vaginal fluids were confirmed by Western blotting (data not shown), as described elsewhere (Cassone et al, 1995).…”

Section: Detection Of Antibodies Against C Albicans Constituents In mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The presence of antibodies was assayed in the vaginal washes by a previously described ELISA (Cassone et al, 1995;De Bernardis et al, 1997). Two hundred microliters of native Sap2 protein (kindly provided by P.A.…”

Section: Detection Of Antibodies Against C Albicans Constituents In mentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly immunogenic recombinant and truncated protein of the secreted aspartic proteases family (rSap2t) ofCandida albicansas a mucosal anticandidal vaccine

Sandini

Valle

Deaglio

et al. 2011

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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Sap2 (secreted aspartyl proteinase2) is a member of the Sap family of Candida albicans, a human opportunistic pathogen, which acts as a virulence factor in experimental animal models of mucosal candidiasis. The C. albicans SAP2 was subcloned into vector pDS56-RBSII-6xhis, under the control of an inducible promoter to produce a truncated 6xhis-tagged, enzymatically inactive Sap2, lacking the N-terminus 76 amino acids (rSap2t). This recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity by one-step nickel-chelate affinity chromatography and used to immunize intravaginally oophorectomized estradiol-treated rats. These animals raised local anti-rSap2t immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies and were protected from the challenge of a highly vaginopathic strain of the fungus. Protection was possibly due to the specific antibodies as suggested by the passive transfer of immune vaginal fluid and the protective effects of passive vaccination with anti-rSap2t IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies. Hence, this new recombinant proteinase constitutes a novel tool to investigate mechanisms of anti-Candida protection at the vaginal level and as vaccination against vaginal candidiasis, a common, frequently recurrent and sometimes antimycotic-refractory infection in women.

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“…Cell-mediated immune responses are believed to be critical for protection against oral candidiasis (10,17,42,46,59). Unlike vaginal candidiasis in which humoral immunity is believed to play a protective role (5,21,22), there are no obvious defects in the mucosal secretory IgA response of HIV-1-infected or AIDS patients that would account for the presence of oral candidiasis (13). Taken together with reports in the literature, our results suggest that cell-mediated immune function critical for protection against oral candidiasis is altered even before a marked decrease in CD4* T lymphocyte numbers is apparent in some HIV-1-seropositive women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral diseases, mycology and periodontal microbiology of HIV‐1‐infected women

Brady

Walker

Oxford

et al. 1996

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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HIV-1 infection is increasing more rapidly among heterosexual women. Relatively limited information is available on HIV-related oral pathoses in these individuals. To gain insight into the type and occurrence of oral lesions in this population, 25 HIV-1 infected women including asymptomatic, symptomatic and AIDS patients were examined clinically and sampled for detection of oral yeast and characterization of their subgingival microbial flora. Sixty percent of the subjects were African-American, with 80% infected via heterosexual contact. Oral candidiasis was the most common nonperiodontal oral lesion, observed in 44% of the patients. Oral yeast was cultured from all women with candidiasis and 76% of the total subjects. Oral hairy leukoplakia was clinically diagnosed in 16% of the subjects. Clinically mild to moderate gingivitis and periodontitis were observed in 84% and 52% of the patients, respectively. Candidiasis and the presence of cultivable yeast were observed in patients with low, intermediate, and high CD4+ T lymphocyte numbers. Plaque samples were collected from each subject and enumerated by predominant cultivable methods, selective media and microscopy. No differences were detected in the microflora associated with seropositive women with existing periodontitis relative to those without periodontitis or to seronegative women with periodontitis. Candidiasis was the most notable oral clinical manifestation in the HIV-1-infected women and may be a useful clinical indicator of early immune dysfunction mediated by HIV-1.

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Rats clearing a vaginal infection by Candida albicans acquire specific, antibody-mediated resistance to vaginal reinfection

Cited by 119 publications

References 28 publications

Development of an insect model for the in vivo pathogenicity testing of yeasts

Development of an insect model for the in vivo pathogenicity testing of yeasts

A highly immunogenic recombinant and truncated protein of the secreted aspartic proteases family (rSap2t) ofCandida albicansas a mucosal anticandidal vaccine

Oral diseases, mycology and periodontal microbiology of HIV‐1‐infected women

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