Raw Materials of the Plastic Industry

Esselen, Gustavus J.; Bacon, F.

doi:10.1021/ie50338a002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addition to the traditional lignin-based products, where lignin is used in the formulation of dispersants, adhesives, surfactants, and stabilizers (antioxidants) for plastics and rubber, 2 lignin-based thermoplastics 3,4 and advanced composites 5 are receiving increasing attention. Lignin has been used in plastic materials since the 1930s; 6 however, the incorporation of various monomers or polymers into the lignin structure results in properties unsuitable for structural materials. 7 Glasser and coworkers 8,9 showed that through the manipulation of the network structure and substituents in lignin, the physical properties of lignin-based materials can be manipulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kraft lignin/poly(ethylene oxide) blends: Effect of lignin structure on miscibility and hydrogen bonding

Kubo

Kadla

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

134

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Blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with softwood kraft lignin (SKL) were prepared by thermal blending. The miscibility behavior and hydrogen bonding of the blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that PEO was miscible with SKL, as shown by the existence of a single glass-transition temperature over the entire composition range by DSC. In addition, a negative polymer-polymer interaction energy density was calculated on the basis of the melting point depression of PEO. The formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding was detected by FTIR analysis. A comparison of the results obtained for the SKL/ PEO blend system with those previously observed for a hardwood kraft lignin/PEO system revealed the existence of stronger hydrogen bonding within the SKL/PEO blends but weaker overall intermolecular interactions between components; this suggested that more than just hydrogen bonding was involved in the determination of the blend behavior in the kraft lignin/PEO blends.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kraft lignin/poly(ethylene oxide) blends: Effect of lignin structure on miscibility and hydrogen bonding

Kubo

Kadla

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

134

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“…Chlorine, renowned for its high reactivity, plays a pivotal role in industry as an oxidizing agent, bleaching agent, and disinfectant (Fair et al, 1948). It is a fundamental raw material in plastic production (Esselen and Bacon, 1938). Its primary production method involves the electrolysis of sodium chloride brine, similar to the process for sodium hydroxide (Lakshmanan and Murugesan, 2014).…”

Section: Chlorine Production Through Seawater Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seawater to resource technologies with NASICON solid electrolyte: a review

Kim,

Jeong

et al. 2023

Front. Batter. Electrochem.

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Seawater represents an inexhaustible reservoir of valuable resources, containing vast quantities of both water and minerals. However, the presence of various impurities in seawater hinders its direct utilization for resource extraction. To address this challenge, an electrochemical method employing a solid electrolyte known as NASICON (Sodium Super Ionic Conductor) offers effective solutions for extracting valuable resources from seawater. The NASICON ceramic acts as a robust barrier against impurities and facilitates the selective transport of Na+. This review provides a comprehensive examination of NASICON ceramics, offering an overview of the concept and highlighting the competitive advantages of NASICON-based electrochemical systems, particularly in the realms of energy storage, hydrogen production, sodium hydroxide and chlorine synthesis, water treatment, and mineral extraction. Furthermore, this study outlines the key challenges that need to be addressed and discusses the trajectory of its development toward becoming a mature technology.

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