Ray-tracing techniques to assess the electromagnetic field radiated by radio base stations: application and experimental validation in an urban environment

Adda, Sara

doi:10.1093/rpd/nch050

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, electromagnetic theory such as antenna theory (Miclaus & Bechet, 2007) and ray tracing technique (Adda et al, 2004) also can be used to evaluate the EME. But these methods are not applicable for evaluating the complex EME because of the universality and randomness of radiation sources, as well as the complexity of boundary conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Analysis of Electromagnetic Environment Characteristics on Wangjiang Campus of Sichuan University

Zhao

Chu

et al. 2019

Radio Science

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In this paper, the electromagnetic environment (EME) characteristics on Wangjiang campus of Sichuan University, a typical densely populated urban area, are measured and analyzed. According to the people's daily routine, the EME measurements are performed during daytime, nighttime, weekday, and weekend, respectively. By measuring the electric field (E‐field) values along the main roads on the campus, the maps of E‐field spatial distribution are obtained. Results indicate that the EME on the campus is relatively stable. The probability density functions of three orthogonal components of E‐field are all lognormal distribution and very similar to each other due to depolarization phenomenon and polarization rotation of multipath propagation. Moreover, the total E‐field is also lognormal distribution because of the high linear correlation between the components. In addition, E‐field were also measured over time on three different sites, playground, laboratory, and student dormitory, in order to get time‐varying characteristics of the EME. Results suggest how the people's activities influence on EME. All measurements on Wangjiang campus show that the maximum E‐field value is far below the regulatory exposure limits proposed by the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Analysis of Electromagnetic Environment Characteristics on Wangjiang Campus of Sichuan University

Zhao

Chu

et al. 2019

Radio Science

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“…Various approaches have been taken, including numerical simulations using different models of propagation (Anderson 1993;Bernardi et al 2000;El-Sallabi and Vainikainen 2003;Cerri et al 2004;Delfino et al 2006), and sampling campaigns to measure field values with which to validate theoretical models (Trinchero et al 2000;Arnelli et al 2001;Adda et al 2004;Miclaus and Bechet 2007;Frei et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial statistics formalism applied to mapping electromagnetic radiation in urban areas

Paniagua

Rufo

Jiménez

et al. 2012

Environ Monit Assess

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Determining the electromagnetic radiation levels in urban areas is a complicated task. Various approaches have been taken, including numerical simulations using different models of propagation, sampling campaigns to measure field values with which to validate theoretical models, and the formalism of spatial statistics. In the work, we present here that this latter technique was used to construct maps of electric field and its associated uncertainty from experimental data. For this purpose, a field meter and a broadband probe sensitive in the 100-kHz-3-GHz frequency range were used to take 1,020 measurements around buildings and along the perimeter of the area. The distance between sampling points was 5 m. The results were stored in a geographic information system to facilitate data handling and analysis, in particular, the application of the formalism of spatial statistical to the analysis of the distribution of the field levels over the study area. The spatial structure was analyzed using the variographic technique, with the field levels at non-sampled points being interpolated by kriging. The results indicated that, in the urban area analyzed in the present work, the linear density of sampling points could be reduced to a distance which coincides with the length of the blocks of buildings without the statistical parameters varying significantly and with the field level maps being reproduced qualitatively and quantitatively.

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EXPOSURE TO HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (100 kHz–2 GHz) IN EXTREMADURA (SPAIN)

Rufo

Paniagua²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2011

Health Physics

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The last decade has seen a rapid increase in people's exposure to electromagnetic fields. This paper reports the measurements of radiofrequency (RF) total power densities and power density spectra in 35 towns of the region of Extremadura, Spain. The spectra were taken with three antennas covering frequencies from 100 kHz to 2.2 GHz. This frequency range includes AM/FM radio broadcasting, television, and cellular telephone signals. The power density data and transmitting antenna locations were stored in a geographic information system (GIS) as an aid in analyzing and interpreting the results. The results showed the power density levels to be below the reference level guidelines for human exposure and that the power densities are different for different frequency ranges and different size categories of towns.

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Ray-tracing techniques to assess the electromagnetic field radiated by radio base stations: application and experimental validation in an urban environment

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Measurement and Analysis of Electromagnetic Environment Characteristics on Wangjiang Campus of Sichuan University

Measurement and Analysis of Electromagnetic Environment Characteristics on Wangjiang Campus of Sichuan University

The spatial statistics formalism applied to mapping electromagnetic radiation in urban areas

EXPOSURE TO HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (100 kHz–2 GHz) IN EXTREMADURA (SPAIN)

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