Rayleigh's electrified water drops

Peters, J. M. H.

doi:10.1088/0143-0807/1/3/004

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Following the original argument proposed by Rayleigh 21,23 for the instability of a charged droplet, we expect that secondary jets occur when the normal Maxwell stress becomes so large that it can no longer be balanced by surface tension. Following the original argument proposed by Rayleigh 21,23 for the instability of a charged droplet, we expect that secondary jets occur when the normal Maxwell stress becomes so large that it can no longer be balanced by surface tension.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

On the measured current in electrospinning

Bhattacharjee

Schneider

Brenner

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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The origin and scaling of the current measured during steady electrospinning of polymer solutions in organic solvents are considered. For a specified electric field strength E, flow rate Q, and conductivity K, the total measured current is shown empirically to scale as I total ϳ EQ 0.5 K 0.4 , for a wide variety of polymer solutions with different electrical conductivities. It is also shown that I total is composed of two distinct components: one that varies linearly with E, and another that is independent of E, but varies with the conductivity K of the fluid and the flow rate Q. The experimental evidence suggests that the latter component arises due to a secondary electrospray emanating from the surface of the jet. The consequence of this secondary electrospray mechanism on the final fiber size achieved during the electrospinning process is also discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

On the measured current in electrospinning

Bhattacharjee

Schneider

Brenner

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…of the ratio V / /V min for the case of a free drop can be inferred from the ratio of its initial charge over its final As a result we will be able to check the self-consistency of the quasi-static assumption made. We will also infer a few charge, since q varies through a Coulombic explosion much characteristics of this phenomenon which could be compared given by [1] and [2]. As the drop evaporates keeping its charge constant, its trajectory in (D, q) space moves hori-with experiments.…”

Section: Consequences Of the Model For Thementioning

confidence: 99%

On the Outcome of the Coulombic Fission of a Charged Isolated Drop

Mora

1996

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

112

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“…When X = 1 the system is at the Rayleigh limit. [40][41][42][43][44] The Rayleigh limit yields the largest amount of charge a droplet of certain volume can sustain without fragmenting spontaneously. 45 The Rayleigh limit is used in this article to justify the amount of charge in the droplets that we simulate.…”

Section: 5nm-2nmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the Surface Excess Charge Layer in Droplets

Kwan¹,

Consta²

2020

Preprint

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<div>Charged droplets play a central role in native mass spectrometry, atmospheric aerosols and in serving as micro-reactors for accelerating chemical reactions. The surface excess charge layer in droplets has often been associated with distinct chemistry. Using molecular simulations for droplets with Na+ and Cl- ions we have found that this layer is ≈ 1.5−1.7 nm thick and depending on the droplet size it includes 33%-55% of the total number of ions. Here, we examine the eﬀect of droplet size and nature of ions in the structure of the surface excess charge layer by using molecular dynamics. We ﬁnd that in the presence of simple ions the thickness of the surface excess charge layer is invariant not only with respect to droplet size but also with respect to the nature of the simple ions and it is not sensitive to ﬁne details of diﬀerent force ﬁelds used in our simulations.</div><div> In the presence of macroions the excess surface charge layer may extend to 2.0. nm. For the same droplet size, iodide and model hydronium ions show considerably higher concentration than the sodium and chloride ions. <br></div><div>We also ﬁnd that diﬀerences in the average water dipole orientation in the presence of cations and anions in this layer are reﬂected in the charge distributions. Within the surface charge layer, the number of hydrogen bonds reduces gradually relative to the droplet interior where the number of hydrogen bonds is on the average 2.9 for droplets of diameter < 4 nm and 3.5 for larger droplets. The decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds from the interior to the surface is less pronounced in larger droplets. In droplets with diameter < 4 nm and high concentration of ions the charge of the ions is not compensated only by the solvent polarization charge but by the total charge that also includes the other free charge. This ﬁnding shows exceptions to the commonly made assumption that the solvent compensates the charge of the ions in solvents with very high dielectric constant. The study provides molecular insight into the bi-layer droplet structure assumed in the equilibrium partitioning model of C. Enke and assesses critical assumptions of the Iribarne-Thomson model for the ion-evaporation mechanism. <br></div>

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Rayleigh's electrified water drops

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

On the measured current in electrospinning

On the measured current in electrospinning

On the Outcome of the Coulombic Fission of a Charged Isolated Drop

Molecular Characterization of the Surface Excess Charge Layer in Droplets

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