RC4 Algorithm and Steganography to Double Secure Messages in Digital Image

Sulaiman, Rahmat; Kirana, Chandra; Sugihartono, Tri; Laurentinus, Laurentinus; Juniawan, Fransiskus Panca

doi:10.1109/citsm50537.2020.9268833

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, it is pretty easy to be implemented in software and hardware due to its simplicity. At present, RC4 algorithm can be applied in the areas of cloud computing, 15 voice cipher, 16 artificial intelligence, 17 and digital image transmission 18 . Software‐implemented RC4 cryptographic algorithm is widely applied in the areas of network security and information security due to its low computational complexity, fast encryption speed, and high security against malicious attacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, RC4 algorithm can be applied in the areas of cloud computing, 15 voice cipher, 16 artificial intelligence, 17 and digital image transmission. 18 Software-implemented RC4 cryptographic algorithm is widely applied in the areas of network security and information security due to its low computational complexity, fast encryption speed, and high security against malicious attacks. However, when RC4 is implemented on hardware, its throughput is significantly lower than the corresponding throughput of hardware-implemented block ciphers such as advanced encryption standard (AES), 11 data encryption standard (DES), 9 and SM4.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A high‐speed and low‐latency hardware implementation of RC4 cryptographic algorithm

Sun,

Liu,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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In this letter, a high‐speed and low‐latency Ron Rivest‐4 (RC4) encryption algorithm is designed based on SMIC 14 nm process. Since the key issue of limiting the throughput of RC4 encryption algorithm is the swapping operation of S‐box, this proposed design is capable of achieving four swapping operations of S‐box within a clock cycle by utilizing fully combinational logic designs and advanced computations. All 256 swapping operations of key scheduling algorithm (KSA) can be done in 64 clock cycles. Moreover, the novel design greatly improves the encryption efficiency of RC4 since each clock cycle offers 4 bytes of key stream. The whole area can be further optimized by reusing the existing modules, and a lightweight countermeasure is embedded into the RC4 design to break the correlation between the processed data and power dissipation against differential power analysis (DPA) attacks. Finally, the whole design is assessed by the SMIC 14 nm process design kits (PDK). The corresponding clock frequency, throughput, area, and latency, respectively, are achieved as 1 GHz, 32 Gbps, 51,596 m2, and 74 clock cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A high‐speed and low‐latency hardware implementation of RC4 cryptographic algorithm

Sun,

Liu,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Design of Encrypted Steganography Double Secure Algorithm Using the Laguerre Transform

Markam

Deoskar

Saxena

2022

2022 IEEE International Conference on Current Development in Engineering and Technology (CCET)

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A Lightweight Hybrid Scheme for Hiding Text Messages in Colour Images Using LSB, Lah Transform and Chaotic Techniques

Abduljaleel

Abduljabbar

Sibahee

et al. 2022

JSAN

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Data security can involve embedding hidden images, text, audio, or video files within other media to prevent hackers from stealing encrypted data. Existing mechanisms suffer from a high risk of security breaches or large computational costs, however. The method proposed in this work incorporates low-complexity encryption and steganography mechanisms to enhance security during transmission while lowering computational complexity. In message encryption, it is recommended that text file data slicing in binary representation, to achieve different lengths of string, be conducted before text file data masking based on the lightweight Lucas series and mod function to ensure the retrieval of text messages is impossible. The steganography algorithm starts by generating a random key stream using a hybrid of two low-complexity chaotic maps, the Tent map and the Ikeda map. By finding a position vector parallel to the input image vector, these keys are used based on the previously generated position vector to randomly select input image data and create four vectors that can be later used as input for the Lah transform. In this paper, we present an approach for hiding encrypted text files using LSB colour image steganography by applying a low-complexity XOR operation to the most significant bits in 24-bit colour cover images. It is necessary to perform inverse Lah transformation to recover the image pixels and ensure that invisible data cannot be retrieved in a particular sequence. Evaluation of the quality of the resulting stego-images and comparison with other ways of performing encryption and message concealment shows that the stego-image has a higher PSNR, a lower MSE, and an SSIM value close to one, illustrating the suitability of the proposed method. It is also considered lightweight in terms of having lower computational overhead.

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RC4 Algorithm and Steganography to Double Secure Messages in Digital Image

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

A high‐speed and low‐latency hardware implementation of RC4 cryptographic algorithm

A high‐speed and low‐latency hardware implementation of RC4 cryptographic algorithm

Design of Encrypted Steganography Double Secure Algorithm Using the Laguerre Transform

A Lightweight Hybrid Scheme for Hiding Text Messages in Colour Images Using LSB, Lah Transform and Chaotic Techniques

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