Re: “Cannabidiol for COVID-19 Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptoms (CANDIDATE Study): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial” by Crippa et al.

Vitetta, Luis; Andersen, Torben; Quezada, Michelle; Rutolo, Dave; Henson, Jeremy D.

doi:10.1089/can.2022.0034

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The authors concluded that further trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of higher doses of CBD and that efficacy in patients with severe COVID-19 should be investigated. The design of this clinical trial was criticized by Vitella et al [ 31 ] who suggested that because plasma levels only ranged from 10.2 to 17.1 nM, the dosages were too low to be effective. They also suggested that sublingual administration might have produced higher plasma levels than per oral dosing, and that the high percentage of participants with comorbidities (35%), co-administered pharmaceuticals (18%), and alcohol abuse (24%) might have adversely affected intestinal absorption.…”

Section: Antiviral Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activities of hemp cannabinoids

Breemen

Simchuk

2023

Clinical Science

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Hemp is an understudied source of pharmacologically active compounds and many unique plant secondary metabolites including more than 100 cannabinoids. After years of legal restriction, research on hemp has recently demonstrated antiviral activities in silico, in vitro, and in vivo for cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and several other cannabinoids against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and γ-herpes viruses. Mechanisms of action include inhibition of viral cell entry, inhibition of viral proteases, and stimulation of cellular innate immune responses. The anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids are also under investigation for mitigating the cytokine storm of COVID-19 and controlling chronic inflammation in people living with HIV. Retrospective clinical studies support antiviral activities of CBD, Δ9-THC, and cannabinoid mixtures as do some prospective clinical trials, but appropriately designed clinical trials of safety and efficacy of antiviral cannabinoids are urgently needed.

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Section: Antiviral Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activities of hemp cannabinoids

Breemen

Simchuk

2023

Clinical Science

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“…Due to their potential, significant therapeutic and medicinal properties, cannabinoids have been addressed in various disease indications since ancient times [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . More recently, the antiviral activities of cannabinoids against SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and COVID-19 have been demonstrated, and the demand for research on their medical effects has urgently emerged [10][11][12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarboxylation of acidic cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa during storage period

Kim,

Park,

Kinney

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study was conducted to determine the quantity of acidic cannabinoids converted to neutral cannabinoids during the 15-day storage period. The secretory cavity contents acquired from the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes by glass microcapillaries and air-dried inflorescence were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The ratio of acidic cannabinoids to the total cannabinoids was much lower in the air-dried inflorescence samples compared to the secretory cavity samples as follows. In the secretory cavity content, the percentage of acidic cannabinoids to the total cannabinoids was measured as 86.7% cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), 1.4% cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), 4.1% cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), and 6.4% Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ 9-THCA), respectively. In the air-dried inflorescence, however, the acidic cannabinoids were detected with 42.5% CBDA, 0.4% CBGA, 1.7% CBCA, and 2.4% Δ 9-THCA, respectively. The ratio of cannabidiol (CBD) to cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was close to 1:95 (w/w) in secretory cavity contents, however, it was roughly 1:20 (w/w) in the air-dried inflorescence. In addition, Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ 9-THCV) and Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ 9-THCVA) were only detected in the air-dried inflorescence sample, and the ratio of Δ 9-THCV to Δ 9-THCVA was about 1:20 (w/w). Besides, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) was only observed in the secretory cavity content.

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Comparison of decarboxylation rates of acidic cannabinoids between secretory cavity contents and air-dried inflorescence extracts in Cannabis sativa cv. ‘Cherry Wine’

Kim,

Park,

Kinney

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Studies with secretory cavity contents and air-dried inflorescence extracts of the CBD-rich hemp strain, Cannabis sativa cv. ‘Cherry Wine’, were conducted to compare the decarboxylation rates of acidic cannabinoids between two groups. The secretory cavity contents acquired from the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes by glass microcapillaries, and inflorescence samples air-dried for 15 days of storage in darkness at room temperature were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The ratio of acidic cannabinoids to the total cannabinoids was ranging from 0.5% to 2.4% lower in the air-dried inflorescence samples compared to the secretory cavity samples as follows. In the secretory cavity content, the percentage of acidic cannabinoids to the total cannabinoids was measured as 86.4% cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), 6.5% tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), 4.3% cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), 1.4% cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and 0.6% cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), respectively. In the air-dried inflorescence, however, the acidic cannabinoids were detected with 84% CBDA, 4.8% THCA, 3.3% CBCA, 0.8% CBGA, and 0.3% Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ9-THCVA), respectively. The ratio of cannabidiol (CBD) to cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was close to 1:99 (w/w) in secretory cavity contents, however, it was roughly 1:20 (w/w) in the air-dried inflorescence. In addition, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ9-THCVA) were only detected in the air-dried inflorescence sample, and the ratio of Δ9-THCV to Δ9-THCVA was about 1:20 (w/w). Besides, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) was only observed in the secretory cavity content.

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Re: “Cannabidiol for COVID-19 Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptoms (CANDIDATE Study): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial” by Crippa et al.

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Antiviral activities of hemp cannabinoids

Antiviral activities of hemp cannabinoids

Decarboxylation of acidic cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa during storage period

Comparison of decarboxylation rates of acidic cannabinoids between secretory cavity contents and air-dried inflorescence extracts in Cannabis sativa cv. ‘Cherry Wine’

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