Re-Certification of SRM 2492: Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements

Abstract

Rheological measurements are often performed using a rotational rheometer. In this type of rheometer, the tested fluid is sheared between two surfaces, one of which is rotating [1]. Usually, an angular velocity is imposed on the fluid (through the rotating surface) and this angular velocity determines the shear rate the fluid is subjected to. The response of the material is monitored by the measurement of the resultant torque on the shaft of the rheometer; this torque can then be converted to shear stress. In order to calibrate a rheometer, a standard oil of known viscosity should be tested in the rheometer to verify that the instrument is operating correctly. However, these standard oils are expensive; which makes it impractical for use in calibrating with the rheometer with a large capacity as needed for concrete. Additional, these standard oils that are not suspensions (i.e. they do not have solid particles suspended in the media), and thus using them may not capture some issues that may occur in a suspension rheology. Therefore, a relatively inexpensive, reference material is needed that incorporates aggregates for concrete rheometers. As concrete and mortar are non-Newtonian, the reference material should also be non-Newtonian. This report follows the development and serves as re-certification of a Standard Reference Material (SRM) for cement paste [2]. A multiscale approach will be utilized to develop SRMs for mortar and concrete in the future. The SRM 2492 will be the matrix fluid for a mortar SRM that will in turn become the matrix fluid for a concrete SRM. The report SP 260-174 Rev.2012 [2] describes how this SRM 2492, a "Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements" was developed and provides all the details on the various ingredients. After an inter-laboratory study under the sponsorship of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) committee 238, Workability of Fresh Concrete, it was found that the instructions provided to prepare the SRM were inadequate to obtain reproducible data in all laboratories. Thus after establishing a better preparation method, new instructions were drafted and it was found that the certified values were no longer valid. Thus, it was necessary to redo a series of testing to obtain a new certified value. This report provides all measurements obtained, the calculation of the new rheological characteristics and the statistical analyses. This is report is the third edition of the report and is based on new data using a different method for preparing the mixture (see section 3.3

Testing Procedures on Materials to Formulate the Ink for 3D Printing

“…Rheological Measurements Calibration Before measuring the rheological parameters of the paste, a calibration of the rheometer and the measuring tool has to be done to be sure that it is operating properly. For this purpose the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) proposes to test a calibrated paste, the Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2492 (27). This mixture is composed of corn syrup, distilled water and limestone.…”

Limestone and silica powder replacements for cement: Early-age performance

“…Thus, the gap at the circumference was 1.2 mm. The geometry was calibrated using NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2492 [27] to convert the torque and rotational speed measured to shear stress and shear rate. The yield stress and the consistency factor (similar to a plastic viscosity) are determined by a power law fit according to the Herschel-Bulkley model (Eq.…”

“…The points correspond to the measured data and the line to the Herschel-Bulkley fittings. The uncertainty of the shear stress measurement could be estimated from the SRM 2492 certificate as about 6 % of the measured values [27]. …”

“…Separate linear fits of the initial and after initial modification stages of the rheological properties are shown as dashed lines. The uncertainty of the yield stress measurement could be estimated from the SRM 2492 certificate as about 6 % of the measured value [27]. …”

Minimizing Paste Content in Concrete Using Limestone Powders - Demonstration Mixtures

“…Shear stress vs. shear rate for parallel (serrated) plate rheological measurements for the ternary blend cement pastes. Typical relative error for viscosity is about 7 %[21].…”