Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Protospirella mazurica (Raabe, 1968) Aescht, 2001 (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of the river nerite Theodoxus fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Zhang, Tengyue; Vďačný, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125956

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis strongly rejected the inclusion of Myxophyllum in the order Philasterida, and fully supported Myxophyllum as belonging to the order Pleuronematida. Furthermore, Zhang and Vďačný ( 2021 , 2023b ) proposed to transfer all members of the order Thigmotrichida into the order Pleuronematida, and proposed possible reasons for the divergence of Myxophyllum from typical pleuronematids, i.e., that the symbiotic lifestyle of Myxophyllum is likely responsible for the dramatic remodelling of its oral apparatus and ciliature (e.g., the transfer of the mouth pocket to the posterior body region, the strong reduction of the paroral membrane and adoral organelles, and the formation of vestibular kineties). The general topology of the 18S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree in the present study is consistent with previously published phylogenetic studies (Antipa et al 2016 , 2020 ; Gao et al 2013 ; Poláková et al 2021 ; Rataj and Vďačný 2018 , 2022 ; Zhang and Vďačný 2024 ), and the phylogenetic position of Myxophyllum is consistent with Zhang and Vďačný ( 2021 ), that is Myxophyllum belongs to the family Thigmophryidae, in the order Pleuronematida.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the majority of ciliates are free-living in aquatic and terrestrial habitats (de Puytorac et al 1994 ; Hu et al 2019 ; Song et al 2009 ; Wang et al 2022 ), a substantial portion, encompassing at least 2600 species, are symbionts (Corliss 2000 ). Symbiotic ciliates are present in a broad spectrum of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, including mollusks, which are one of the most broadly distributed and diverse invertebrate groups (Irwin and Lynn 2015 ; Lu et al 2023 ; Lynn et al 2018 ; Mayén-Estrada et al 2021 ; Prosser et al 2018 ; Raabe 1967 , 1970 , 1971 , 1972 ; Song et al 2003 ; Souidenne et al 2019 ; Van As and Basson 2004 ; Zhang and Vďačný 2021 , 2022 , 2023a , b , 2024 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Findings on three endocommensal scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora) from freshwater mollusks, including their morphology and molecular phylogeny with descriptions of two new species

Li,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Mar Life Sci Technol

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Species of the ciliate genera Myxophyllum and Conchophthirus are found as endocommensals of terrestrial and freshwater mollusks, respectively. So far, there have been few studies of these genera and morphological data for most members are often incomplete. In the present work, two new species, Myxophyllum weishanense sp. nov. and Conchophthirus paracurtus sp. nov., and a known species, Conchophthirus lamellidens, were isolated from hosts in Lake Weishan Wetland, China. Taxonomic studies indicate that M. weishanense sp. nov. can be recognized mainly by the combination of about 60 somatic kineties on both ventral and dorsal sides and the presence of caudal cilia. Conchophthirus paracurtus sp. nov. differs from congeners in its body shape and size, having a glabrous area on the posterior right side, and having fewer somatic kineties. In addition, differences in their ITS2 (Internally Transcribed Spacer 2) secondary structures support the discrimination of the two new species from their highly similar congeners. An improved diagnosis for the poorly known species, C. lamellidens is also provided. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that members of the genus Myxophyllum belong to a fully supported clade that is sister to a large, poorly supported clade consisting of Hemispeiridae, Ancistridae, and several lineages of the nonmonophyletic Cyclidiidae. The Myxophyllum clade also includes Protophyra ovicola JQ956552, a possible misidentification. Sequences of the two new Conchophthirus species cluster with other congeners in a fully supported clade that is unrelated to either the ‘typical’ thigmotrichs or to pleuronematids, thus conflicting with the traditional classification, and may represent an orphan scuticociliate lineage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Findings on three endocommensal scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora) from freshwater mollusks, including their morphology and molecular phylogeny with descriptions of two new species

Li,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Mar Life Sci Technol

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Linking multi-gene and morphological data in the subclass Scuticociliatia (Protista, Ciliophora) with establishment of the new family Homalogastridae fam. nov.

Liu,

Jiang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Mar Life Sci Technol

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Scuticociliatia is one of the most species-rich subclasses in the phylum Ciliophora. The evolutionary relationships among Scuticociliatia groups have long been very unclear due to the homogeneity of morphology and insufficiency of molecular data. With morphological and multi-gene-based molecular data presented here, the evolutionary phylogeny of several Scuticociliatia taxa that were hitherto especially poorly defined is analyzed and discussed. The results indicate: (1) all scuticociliates cluster into two well supported and one poorly supported group, representing three order-level taxa; (2) with the support of both morphological and molecular data, a new family Homalogastridae fam. nov. is proposed in the order Philasterida; (3) Parauronema is formally transferred to Uronematidae and Potomacus is treated as incertae sedis in the order Philasterida, therefore Parauronematidae is proposed to be a junior synonym of Uronematidae; (4) the genus Madsenia and the species Parauronema longum and Pseudocyclidium longum are treated as incertae sedis, while the genus Protophyra should be maintained in the family Ancistridae. In addition, the putative secondary structure of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of representative taxa from the three orders of Scuticociliatia are analyzed, and consensus structures and nucleotide composition in each order are exhibited.

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Description of Conchophthirus sinanodontae n. sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia), a new endocommensal ciliate of the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana from Korea

Chae,

Jung,

Min

2024

European Journal of Protistology

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Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Protospirella mazurica (Raabe, 1968) Aescht, 2001 (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of the river nerite Theodoxus fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Findings on three endocommensal scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora) from freshwater mollusks, including their morphology and molecular phylogeny with descriptions of two new species

Findings on three endocommensal scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora) from freshwater mollusks, including their morphology and molecular phylogeny with descriptions of two new species

Linking multi-gene and morphological data in the subclass Scuticociliatia (Protista, Ciliophora) with establishment of the new family Homalogastridae fam. nov.

Description of Conchophthirus sinanodontae n. sp. (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia), a new endocommensal ciliate of the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana from Korea

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