Re-emergence of scarlet fever: old players return?

Andrey, Diego O.; Posfay‐Barbe, Klara M.

doi:10.1080/14787210.2016.1195684

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The emm12 and emm1 type of gene have commonly been isolated in mainland China during scarlet fever epidemics [54,57]. In contrast, emm1 (39%), emm 12 (13%), emm89 (9%) and emm28 (4%) typed emm were recorded in the United Kingdom recently [65]. Isolated scarlet fever cases immediately after the outbreak was noted are used to identify the genus of the biological agent for better treatment and reduce the complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated scarlet fever cases immediately after the outbreak was noted are used to identify the genus of the biological agent for better treatment and reduce the complications. On the other hand, it is predicted that emm12 typed Streptococcus pyogenes with resistance to tetracycline and macrolide antibiotic drugs was the cause of scarlet fever epidemics in past years in Hong Kong and mainland China [65]. Thus, drug resistance is also one associated factor for scarlet fever.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Association between Environmental Factors and Scarlet Fever Incidence in Beijing Region: Using GIS and Spatial Regression Models

Mahara

Wang

Yang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: Evidence regarding scarlet fever and its relationship with meteorological, including air pollution factors, is not very available. This study aimed to examine the relationship between ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors with scarlet fever occurrence in Beijing, China. (2) Methods: A retrospective ecological study was carried out to distinguish the epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever incidence in Beijing districts from 2013 to 2014. Daily incidence and corresponding air pollutant and meteorological data were used to develop the model. Global Moran’s I statistic and Anselin’s local Moran’s I (LISA) were applied to detect the spatial autocorrelation (spatial dependency) and clusters of scarlet fever incidence. The spatial lag model (SLM) and spatial error model (SEM) including ordinary least squares (OLS) models were then applied to probe the association between scarlet fever incidence and meteorological including air pollution factors. (3) Results: Among the 5491 cases, more than half (62%) were male, and more than one-third (37.8%) were female, with the annual average incidence rate 14.64 per 100,000 population. Spatial autocorrelation analysis exhibited the existence of spatial dependence; therefore, we applied spatial regression models. After comparing the values of R-square, log-likelihood and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) among the three models, the OLS model (R2 = 0.0741, log likelihood = −1819.69, AIC = 3665.38), SLM (R2 = 0.0786, log likelihood = −1819.04, AIC = 3665.08) and SEM (R2 = 0.0743, log likelihood = −1819.67, AIC = 3665.36), identified that the spatial lag model (SLM) was best for model fit for the regression model. There was a positive significant association between nitrogen oxide (p = 0.027), rainfall (p = 0.036) and sunshine hour (p = 0.048), while the relative humidity (p = 0.034) had an adverse association with scarlet fever incidence in SLM. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that meteorological, as well as air pollutant factors may increase the incidence of scarlet fever; these findings may help to guide scarlet fever control programs and targeting the intervention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Environmental Factors and Scarlet Fever Incidence in Beijing Region: Using GIS and Spatial Regression Models

Mahara

Wang

Yang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These diseases affect many indigenous communities of developed countries and many developing countries where health care and antibiotic treatment are poor. However, there is a reemergence of GAS infection in industrialized countries where the incidence of GAS disease has declined in the past decades [ 2 , 3 ]. GAS diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world [ 4 ], which highlight the need for a safe and effective vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Chemically Synthesized Divalent Group A Streptococcal Vaccine

Luo

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Group A streptococcus (GAS) infections and poststreptococcal sequelae remain a health problem worldwide, which necessitates searching for an effective vaccine, while no licensed GAS vaccine is available. We have developed a divalent peptide vaccine composed of 84 amino acids to cover the main GAS serotypes (M1 and M12 streptococci) in China, and herein, we aimed to evaluate immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine. Methods Mice were immunized with the vaccine. ELISA, indirect bactericidal test, and immunofluorescent assay were used to study immunogenicity. GAS challenge assay was used to test the protective effect. Safety was tested by histopathological analysis. Results Immunized group mice (n=16) developed higher titer antibody after immunization than nonimmunized group mice (n=16) did. This antibody can deposit on the surface of GAS and promote killing of GAS, resulting in 93.1% decrease of M1 GAS and 89.5% of M12 GAS. When challenged with M1 and M12 streptococci, immunized group mice had a higher survival rate (87.5% and 75%) than nonimmunized group mice (37.5% and 25%). No autoimmune reactions were detected on organs of mice. Conclusion The results suggest that this vaccine shows fair immunogenicity and safety, which will lead our research on GAS vaccine into clinical trial.

show abstract

“…It was associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality when epidemics were common in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the USA 1. Although the disease nearly disappeared during the 20th century, several countries, including the UK, have recently experienced a re-emergence of scarlet fever 123. In this article, we discuss the management of scarlet fever.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing scarlet fever

Bulletin¹

2018

BMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Re-emergence of scarlet fever: old players return?

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

The Association between Environmental Factors and Scarlet Fever Incidence in Beijing Region: Using GIS and Spatial Regression Models

The Association between Environmental Factors and Scarlet Fever Incidence in Beijing Region: Using GIS and Spatial Regression Models

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Chemically Synthesized Divalent Group A Streptococcal Vaccine

Managing scarlet fever

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About