Re-emergence of Vibrio tubiashii in bivalve shellfish aquaculture: severity, environmental drivers, geographic extent and management

Elston, Robert; Hasegawa, Hiroaki; Humphrey, Karen; Polyak, Ildiko K.; Häse, Claudia C.

doi:10.3354/dao01982

Cited by 184 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Many temperature-dependent disease outbreaks have been linked to various Vibrio species (Lacoste et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2001;Garnier et al, 2007;Cervino et al, 2008;Elston et al, 2008) that are commonly isolated from healthy marine animals (Prieur et al, 1990;Olafsen et al, 1993;Gomez-Gil et al, 1998;Iida et al, 2000;Vega Thurber et al, 2009;Trabal et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012). The effects of temperature on Vibrio spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

2014

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Microbiota provide their hosts with a range of beneficial services, including defense from external pathogens. However, host-associated microbial communities themselves can act as a source of opportunistic pathogens depending on the environment. Marine poikilotherms and their microbiota are strongly influenced by temperature, but experimental studies exploring how temperature affects the interactions between both parties are rare. To assess the effects of temperature, temperature stress and infection on diversity, composition and dynamics of the hemolymph microbiota of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), we conducted an experiment in a fully-crossed, three-factorial design, in which the temperature acclimated oysters (8 or 22 1C) were exposed to temperature stress and to experimental challenge with a virulent Vibrio sp. strain. We monitored oyster survival and repeatedly collected hemolymph of dead and alive animals to determine the microbiome composition by 16s rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. We found that the microbial dynamics and composition of communities in healthy animals (including infection survivors) were significantly affected by temperature and temperature stress, but not by infection. The response was mediated by changes in the incidence and abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and accompanied by little change at higher taxonomic levels, indicating dynamic stability of the hemolymph microbiome. Dead and moribund oysters, on the contrary, displayed signs of community structure disruption, characterized by very low diversity and proliferation of few OTUs. We can therefore link short-term responses of host-associated microbial communities to abiotic and biotic factors and assess the potential feedback between microbiota dynamics and host survival during disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

2014

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“…In most cases, members of different species of the genus Vibrio have been identified as the responsible agent (Tubiash et al, 1965;Brown & Losee 1978;DiSalvo et al, 1978;Elston & Leibovitz 1980;Brown 1981;Jeffries 1982;Sutton & Garrick 1993;Riquelme et al, 1995;Sáinz et al, 1998;Gó mez-Leó n et al, 2005;Elston et al, 2008;KesarcodiWatson et al, 2009), including novel species described in the last decade (Nicolas et al, 1996;Prado et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vibrio ostreicida sp. nov., a new pathogen of bivalve larvae

Prado

Dubert

Romalde

et al. 2014

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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The taxonomic position of the bivalve pathogen T was studied together with those of two similar isolates . The bacterial strains were isolated from samples of young oyster spat in a bivalve hatchery in Galicia (NW Spain), which was continually affected by outbreaks of disease and severe mortalities. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the three strains formed a cluster within the genus Vibrio and were most closely related to Vibrio pectenicida DSM 19585 T (97.9 % similarity). Additional multilocus sequence analysis, including sequences of the housekeeping genes rpoA, recA, pyrH, gyrB and ftsZ, and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that the strains were distinct from currently known species of the genus Vibrio and confirmed the clustering of the three isolates. Several phenotypic features, such as growth in TCBS medium and nitrate reduction, proved useful for distinguishing the proposed novel species from its closest relatives. The findings support the description of a novel species to include the three isolates, for which the name Vibrio ostreicida sp. nov. (type strain PP-203 T 5CECT 7398 T 5DSM 21433 T ) is proposed.

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“…tubiashii NCIMB 1337 (ATCC19106) was chosen as it is pathogenic to bivalves and due to its recent re-emergence having been linked to a reduction in hatchery bivalve populations (Elston et al, 2008). V. tubiashii was grown under thermo-stable conditions (24°C) in marine broth (sterile marine saline [salinity = 35, pH NBS 8.05] + 1 g l −1 yeast extract and 0.5 g l − 1 tryptone).…”

Section: Organism Collection Exposure and Sampling Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some coastal habitats, where the seasonal upwelling of hypoxic and hypercapnic seawater naturally produces carbonate chemistry conditions analogous to the current worst case acidification models (Hauri et al, 2013;Hofmann et al, 2011Hofmann et al, , 2014Melzner et al, 2012;, OA is likely to exacerbate these seasonal events, creating conditions that far exceed any current OA projections for open ocean surface waters (Dorey et al, 2013;Hauri et al, 2013;Hofmann et al, 2014;Melzner et al, 2012). Furthermore, such alterations in seawater carbonate chemistry are occurring against a background of warming (IPCC, 2007), pollution (Rodgers and Laffoley, 2011) and disease outbreak (Elston et al, 2008), posing a significant challenge to the many marine organisms that inhabit these coastal regions. It is therefore vital to characterise species sensitivity to multiple stressors Pörtner, 2013a, 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test this hypothesis we investigated how a combined exposure to reduced seawater pH (ranging from 8.05 to 6.50) and increased temperature impacted the antibacterial activity of cell-free haemolymph in the blue mussel, M. edulis and how a subsequent challenge with the pathogenic bacterium, V. tubiashii (Elston et al, 2008), altered the initial response of this immune parameter to environmental stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature

Ellis

Widdicombe

Parry

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Ocean acidification (OA) and warming pose a considerable threat to marine ecosystems. Previous studies show that these environmental co-stressors significantly impact upon a number of key physiological functions, including calcification, metabolism and growth, in many marine organisms. Yet despite the importance of the immune system, to date only a handful of studies have investigated the impact of reduced seawater pH on an organism's immune response. Furthermore, whilst temperature has received far greater attention with respect to host defence, there is a dearth of information concerning the possible synergism of these two stressors on immune defence. Here we show that a 90 day exposure to reduced seawater pH led to a reduction in the antibacterial activity of cell-free haemolymph in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, whilst temperature led to an increase in this immune parameter. However in contrast to previous research, following this initial 90 day exposure, mussels in the current study were then exposed to the pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio tubiashii. Crucially, whilst reduced seawater pH initially appeared to impair immunological functioning, as has been interpreted previously, mussels demonstrated the ability to restore haemolymph bactericidal activity when required. This indicated that the initial reduction in antibacterial activity was in fact a reversible physiological trade-off, rather than an irreversible impairment of immune function. By demonstrating this plasticity, the current study illustrates the need to measure organism responses within a realistic natural context (i.e. measuring the immune response of an organism in the presence of a pathogen). Failure to do so may result in a misleading interpretation of the ecological relevance of experimental data, and thus the sensitivity of different species in a rapidly changing environment.

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Re-emergence of Vibrio tubiashii in bivalve shellfish aquaculture: severity, environmental drivers, geographic extent and management

Cited by 184 publications

References 28 publications

Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

Vibrio ostreicida sp. nov., a new pathogen of bivalve larvae

Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature

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