Re-engaging the self/other problematic in post-positivist international relations: the 1964 expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul revisited

Kalıber, Alper

doi:10.1080/14683857.2019.1651082

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…hence, recognition of the Greek Other emerged as a by-product of a broader process of identity change in Turkey. Recognising the importance of human rights in the context of EU-driven reforms brought attention to the plight of the dwindling Greek minority in Istanbul and the injustices they suffered in the 1950s and 1960s (Ors 2006;Kaliber 2019). The norm of peaceful neighbourly relations in Europe and a critical approach towards the role of the military in Turkish politics triggered a re-consideration of the merits of militarist approaches to managing Greek-Turkish disputes.…”

Section: Recognition and Identity Backlash In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agonistic recognition as a remedy for identity backlash: insights from Israel and Turkey

Strömbom

Rumelili

2021

Third World Quarterly

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While an extensive part of the conflict transformation literature stresses the importance of transforming the identities of conflict parties through recognition, it fails to recognise the propensity of such transformations to generate ontological insecurity and dissonance, and consequently a possible backlash towards antagonistic identities. Drawing on agonistic thought, we develop a conception of agonistic recognition, premised on non-finalism, pluralist multilogue and disaggregated recognition. We suggest that these elements of agonistic recognition may guard against the development of ontological insecurity and dissonance in recognition processes. We comparatively analyse the connections and tensions between recognition, ontological insecurity/ dissonance and identity backlash experienced during the transformation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the context of the Oslo Peace Process in the 1990s and Turkey's 'rapprochement' with Greece in the context of its EU accession process in the 2000s. We also assess the presence of the elements of agonistic recognition in these two conflict transformation processes. Our contribution constitutes an important step towards the specification of agonistic peace in terms of its underlying recognition processes and in developing the empirical study of agonistic elements in actual conflict transformation processes.

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Section: Recognition and Identity Backlash In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agonistic recognition as a remedy for identity backlash: insights from Israel and Turkey

Strömbom

Rumelili

2021

Third World Quarterly

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“…The Cyprus problem served as an opportunity for re-inscribing Turkish national identity by scapegoating and oppressing Turkey's Greek minority. 14 The subsequent confiscation of arable land and the establishment of an open-air prison in Gökçeada, the 1971 closure of the Heybeliada (Halki) Seminary were further milestones in the marginalization of Turkey's Greek minority. 15 Minority members could not claim their constitutional rights as citizens of Turkey.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Between citizenship and the millet: the Greek minority in republican Turkey

Grigoriadis

2021

Middle Eastern Studies

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Turkey's Greek minority is one of the three minorities officially recognized in the Treaty of Lausanne, the founding document of republican Turkey. Despite the protective treaty provisions, it suffered persistent discrimination throughout the republican era due to state suspicion against all minority groups, souring Greek-Turkish relations and the Cyprus question. This led to the sharp decline of the demographic size of the minority from about 125,000 persons in the mid-1920s to about 2,500 persons in the late 1990s. Nevertheless, Turkey's political reform initiated in the early 2000s opened a window of opportunity for the survival of the minority. Several measures restituting minority individuals and institutions to their rights and assets were taken.This study embarks on an overview of the history of Turkey's Greek minority. It then explores the state of Turkey's Greek minority since 2002 by focusing on three critical questions: the minority pious foundations (vakıf), the Papa Eftim affair and the Gökçeada (Imbros) and Bozcaada (Tenedos) Greeks. In doing that, it aims to answer the question why the Greek minority has not been included in the minority groups whose rights have been curtailed since Turkey's reform process has been reversed. To do that, it engages with overlapping models of social diversity which have been suggested since the early 2000s as an answer to Turkey's burning minority rights questions. Improving the protection of minority rights of Turkey's Greek minority became first possible in the context of Turkey's EU membership-driven reform process between 1999 and 2010. While Turkey's EU membership hopes faded, the liberalization wave receded and a democratic backsliding became discernible in the early 2010s, the state of Turkey's Greek minority did not sharply deteriorate, as in the case of the Alevis or the Kurds. This was due to the rise of a communitarian understanding of human rights and a normative discourse celebrating diversity along the lines of the Ottoman millet system. Turkey's Greeks belonged to a minority group whose presence could be tolerated in a society organized not along liberal multiculturalism but along Ottoman millet-style, community-based diversity. A growing Ottoman nostalgia and Turkey's ambition to serve as a model in the region have become obstacles to a deterioration in the state of the Greek minority. This did not mean, however, that the government would go as far as to solve the remaining outstanding issues, challenge Turkish nationalist stereotypes or overcome negative reciprocity in minority rights when it came to Greek-Turkish relations. This became clearer in 2015, following the alliance of the incumbent Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi -AKP) with the far-right Nationalist Action Party (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi -MHP), which had momentous consequences for the treatment of the Kurdish and Alevi minorities. Moreover, viewing minority rights as privileges awarded by the state -or the head of the executive (reis) -and not as emanating from ...

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From De-Europeanisation to Anti-Western Populism: Turkish Foreign Policy in Flux

Kalıber

Kaliber

2019

The International Spectator

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Re-engaging the self/other problematic in post-positivist international relations: the 1964 expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul revisited

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Agonistic recognition as a remedy for identity backlash: insights from Israel and Turkey

Agonistic recognition as a remedy for identity backlash: insights from Israel and Turkey

Between citizenship and the millet: the Greek minority in republican Turkey

From De-Europeanisation to Anti-Western Populism: Turkish Foreign Policy in Flux

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