Case studyPurpose nD modelling technology ushers in novel possibilities to transform the design, production and use of buildings by providing a '… multi-dimensional model … [which] … enables true what-if analyses to be performed to demonstrate the real cost in terms of the design issues … [and] … the trade-offs between the parameters … clearly envisaged' (Lee, et al., 2003: 5). The espoused benefits of a new technology such as nD modelling, however, are not sufficient in itself to ensure its widespread adoption and use within the construction industry. Technology transfer is widely considered to be a potentially powerful mechanism to provide the construction industry with new technologies that can, where appropriate, transform and complement current technologies to create and sustain better levels of performance (DTI, 2002; Mitropoulos and Tatum, 1999; DETR, 1998). This paper aims to identify the key enablers and obstacles to the effective adoption and use of nD modelling technology.
Methodology/ approachThis paper explores the feasibility of industry absorbing and diffusing nD modelling technology by considering key technology transfer issues; namely organisational direction, interorganisational networks, and knowledge characteristics of technology. Findings from semi-2 structured interviews around a diagnostic technology transfer framework are used to offer implications for theory and practice.
FindingsThe results from 15 survey interviews indicate that construction professionals appreciate the potential significant benefits of nD modelling technology, but at present, nD modelling technology is seen as too embryonic; too far removed from construction firms' 'comfort zones'; requiring too much investment; and, containing too many risks.
Practical implicationsThe paper concludes that the challenge for nD modelling technology, along with any new technology, is to shift from its 'technology push' emphasis to a more balanced 'market orientated' stance which allows the technology to be shaped by both strategic design concerns, and the rough and tumble of day-to-day operational needs. If this trajectory is pursued, nD modelling technology has a positive future.
Keywords: nD modelling, technology transfer, building information model, innovation, IT (information technology)
IntroductionA construction project team is characterised by many professionals from various disciplines.The central ambition for this team is to satisfy all stakeholder requirements in order to generate a mutually beneficial solution. This idealised aim requires appropriate integration of project information; however, this is difficult to achieve due to the constraints and conflicts upon the An nD model is an extension of the building information model, which incorporates multiaspects of design information required at each stage of the lifecycle of a building facility (Lee et al, 2003). nD is unlike traditional 2D and 3D CAD (computer aided design) systems where the building design is represented in multiple files made up of lines, arcs and cir...