Re: "Epidemiology of Salmonellosis in California, 1990-1999: Morbidity, Mortality, and Hospitalization Costs"

Mulla, Zuber D.; Cole, Stephen R.; Trevejo, Rosalie T.; Starr, Mark

doi:10.1093/aje/kwh007

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In sex-stratified analyses, we used Chi-square tests to assess whether sex differences were statistically significant. In instances in which the 95% confidence intervals overlapped, but the p value was less than 0.05, we report the finding as statistically significant (Mulla and Cole, 2004). In the three series of analyses we calculated prevalence estimates and confidence intervals for:

marijuana use variables (i.e., lifetime use, repeated lifetime use, current use, repeated past 30-day use, frequent use, and early use);

lifetime use of additional substances (i.e., alcohol, cigarettes, hallucinogens, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin); and

current marijuana use for each race/ethnicity group.

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Past 15-year trends in adolescent marijuana use: Differences by race/ethnicity and sex

Johnson

Fairman

Gilreath

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

163

126

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Background The potential for increases in adolescent marijuana use is an important concern given recent changes in marijuana policy. The purpose of this study was to estimate trends in marijuana use from 1999-2013 among a national sample of US high school students. We examine changes over time by race/ethnicity and sex. Methods Data are from the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), which involves biennial, school-based surveys that generate nationally-representative data about 9th-12th grade students in the United States. Students self-reported sex, race/ethnicity, and marijuana use (i.e., lifetime use, current use, any use before age 13). We generated national estimates of the prevalence of marijuana use for the time period, and also tested for linear and quadratic trends (n=115,379). Results The prevalence of lifetime marijuana use decreased modestly from 1999 to 2009 (44% to 37%), and has increased slightly since 2009 (41%). Other marijuana use variables (e.g., past 30-day use) followed a similar pattern over time. The prevalence of past 30-day use from 1999-2013 for all groups and both sexes was 22.5%, and it was lowest among Asians and highest among American Indian/Alaska Natives. Although boys have historically had a higher prevalence of marijuana use, results indicate that male-female differences in marijuana use decreased over time. Conclusion Despite considerable changes in state marijuana policies over the past 15 years, marijuana use among high school students has largely declined. Continued surveillance is needed to assess the impact of policy changes on adolescent marijuana use.

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marijuana use variables (i.e., lifetime use, repeated lifetime use, current use, repeated past 30-day use, frequent use, and early use);

lifetime use of additional substances (i.e., alcohol, cigarettes, hallucinogens, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin); and

current marijuana use for each race/ethnicity group.

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Past 15-year trends in adolescent marijuana use: Differences by race/ethnicity and sex

Johnson

Fairman

Gilreath

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

163

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Differences in estimates were considered statistically significant if the confidence intervals did not overlap. 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and Current Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, and Greece: Findings From 2011–2013 Global Adult Tobacco Surveys

Palipudi

Mbulo

Morton

et al. 2015

NICTOB

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Introduction Increases in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) awareness and current use have been documented in high income countries but less is known about middle and low income countries. Methods Nationally representative household survey data from the first four Global Adult Tobacco Surveys to assess e-cigarettes were analyzed, including Indonesia (2011), Malaysia (2011), Qatar (2013), and Greece (2013). Correlates of e-cigarette awareness and current use were calculated. Sample sizes for Greece and Qatar allowed for further analysis of e-cigarette users. Results Awareness of e-cigarettes was 10.9% in Indonesia, 21.0% in Malaysia, 49.0% in Qatar, and 88.5% in Greece. In all four countries, awareness was higher among male, younger, more educated, and wealthier respondents. Current e-cigarette use among those aware of e-cigarettes was 3.9% in Malaysia, 2.5% in Indonesia, 2.2% in Greece and 1.8% in Qatar. Across these four countries, an estimated 818 500 people are currently using e-cigarettes. Among current e-cigarette users, 64.4% in Greece and 84.1% in Qatar also smoked cigarettes, and, 10.6% in Greece and 6.0% in Qatar were never-smokers. Conclusions E-cigarette awareness and use was evident in all four countries. Ongoing surveillance and monitoring of awareness and use of e-cigarettes in these and other countries could help inform tobacco control policies and public health interventions. Future surveillance should monitor use of e-cigarettes among current smokers and uptake among never-smokers and relapsing former smokers.

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“…Although the 95% confidence bounds of the AORs for marine and freshwater overlap, such an overlap does not necessarily indicate no statistical difference [40,41]. Our sample size at the marine beaches was smaller and as a result, the 95% confidence bounds are wider and the AOR is less precise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality and swimming-associated illness at marine beaches: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2010

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IntroductionIn the United States and elsewhere, recreational water quality is monitored for fecal indicator bacteria to help prevent swimming-associated illnesses. Standard methods to measure these bacteria take at least 24 hours to obtain results. Molecular approaches such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can estimate these bacteria faster, in under 3 hours. Previously, we demonstrated that measurements of the fecal indicator bacteria Enterococcus using qPCR were associated with gastrointestinal (GI) illness among swimmers at freshwater beaches. In this paper, we report on results from three marine beach sites.MethodsWe interviewed beach-goers and collected water samples at marine beaches affected by treated sewage discharges in Mississippi in 2005, and Rhode Island and Alabama in 2007. Ten to twelve days later, we obtained information about gastrointestinal, respiratory, eye, ear and skin symptoms by telephone. We tested water samples for fecal indicator organisms using qPCR and other methods.ResultsWe enrolled 6,350 beach-goers. The occurrence of GI illness among swimmers was associated with a log10-increase in exposure to qPCR-determined estimates of fecal indicator organisms in the genus Enterococcus (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.1) and order Bacteroidales (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.9). Estimates of organisms related to Clostridium perfringens and a subgroup of organisms in the genus Bacteroides were also determined by qPCR in 2007, as was F+ coliphage, but relationships between these indicators and illness were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence of a relationship between gastrointestinal illness and estimates of fecal indicator organisms determined by qPCR at marine beaches.

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Re: "Epidemiology of Salmonellosis in California, 1990-1999: Morbidity, Mortality, and Hospitalization Costs"

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Past 15-year trends in adolescent marijuana use: Differences by race/ethnicity and sex

Past 15-year trends in adolescent marijuana use: Differences by race/ethnicity and sex

Awareness and Current Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, and Greece: Findings From 2011–2013 Global Adult Tobacco Surveys

Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality and swimming-associated illness at marine beaches: a prospective cohort study

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