Re-evaluation of aflatoxin M1
 transfer into milk
of high-yielding cows considering ration composition

Walte, Hans-Georg; Knappstein, K.; Maul, Ronald; Steinberg, Pablo

doi:10.22358/jafs/151045/2022

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Walte et al (2022) [ 50 ] hypothesized that a possible explanation for the correlation of milk yield and the aflatoxin transfer rate could be the feeding of high-yielding cows with grain-rich feeds, including a higher proportion of concentrates in the feed, which leads to decreasing pH in the rumen, being able to cause subacute ruminal acidosis. Subacute ruminal acidosis may lead to a higher absorption of AFB1 by impairing the gastrointestinal barrier function or may cause changes in the composition of the rumen microbiota and, thus, lead to alterations in the rumen metabolism.…”

Section: Main Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Carry-overmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the transfer rate confirmed in that study (2.3–2.5%) and the AFB1 contamination level in feed, they assumed that the EU regulatory limit was not exceeded at that time. However, in case other sources of AFB1 are fed to cows as well as concentrates, the compliance could no longer be guaranteed [ 50 ].…”

Section: Main Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Carry-overmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varying levels of efficiency have been reported for activated carbons and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate [ 29 , 31 , 35 , 43 , 65 ]. Regarding bentonite and its major active component, montmorillonite, most of the reviewed studies showed promising results in different study arrangements [ 15 , 20 , 21 , 32 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 49 , 50 , 66 ]. It is reported that clay products have not consistently prevented decreases in milk yield caused by AFB1 ingestion, and yeast fermentation products have been reported to have potential to improve animal performance parameters [ 42 ].…”

Section: Main Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Carry-overmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the effects of the two adsorbents were comparable and resulted in a decrease in the carry-over value (0.43 and 0.40% compared to 0.52%). In one of the latest studies on adsorbents, Walte et al (2022) [ 50 ] also tested a bentonite-montmorillonite-based adsorbent, which led to a strong reduction in AFM1 concentration of milk.…”

Section: Appendix A1 Activated Carbons and Hscasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 from Feed to Cow Milk—A Review

Zentai

Jóźwiak

Süth

et al. 2023

Toxins

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The conversion of aflatoxin B1 in feed consumed by cows into aflatoxin M1 in their milk poses a challenge to food safety, with milk being a popular staple food and because of the harmful effects of these compounds. This study aimed at reviewing scientific information about the extent of carry-over of AFB1 from feed to milk. A range of studies reported about correlations of carry-over with different factors, particularly with milk yield and AFB1 intake. The extent of carry-over considerably varies, being 1–2% on average, which may be as high as 6% in the case of increased milk production. Specific factors influencing transfer rates, including milk yield, somatic cell counts, aflatoxin B1 intake, source of contamination, seasonal effects, particle size of feed, and the effects of certain interventions, namely vaccination and the use of adsorbents, are identified as the most important and are discussed in this review. The different mathematical formulas describing carry-over and instances of their application are reviewed as well. These carry-over equations may lead to largely different results, and no single carry-over equation can be suggested as the best one. While the exact quantification of carry-over is difficult as the process depends on many factors, including individual variabilities between animals, the intake of aflatoxin B1 and milk yield seem to be the most important factors influencing the excreted amount of aflatoxin M1 and the rate of carry-over.

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Section: Main Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Carry-overmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Carry-overmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Carry-overmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix A1 Activated Carbons and Hscasmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 from Feed to Cow Milk—A Review

Zentai

Jóźwiak

Süth

et al. 2023

Toxins

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, climate change is predicted to worsen the maize contamination in Europe [ 31 ]. The use of different compounds able to bind AFB1 to reduce its bioavailability was purposed, but this approach is not totally effective and implies side effects [ 32 , 33 ]. A biocontrol formulation comprised on an AF- A. flavus strain, AF-X1, was successfully developed to address the contamination in commercially grown maize in Italy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Year Influences of the Aflatoxin Biocontrol Product AF-X1 on the A. flavus Communities Associated with Maize Production in Italy

Ouadhene

Ortega‐Beltran

Sanna

et al. 2023

Toxins

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AF-X1 is a commercial aflatoxin biocontrol product containing the non-aflatoxigenic (AF) strain of Aspergillus flavus MUCL54911 (VCG IT006), endemic to Italy, as an active ingredient. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term persistence of VCG IT006 in the treated fields, and the multi-year influence of the biocontrol application on the A. flavus population. Soil samples were collected in 2020 and 2021 from 28 fields located in four provinces in north Italy. A vegetative compatibility analysis was conducted to monitor the occurrence of VCG IT006 on the total of the 399 isolates of A. flavus that were collected. IT006 was present in all the fields, mainly in the fields treated for 1 yr or 2 consecutive yrs (58% and 63%, respectively). The densities of the toxigenic isolates, detected using the aflR gene, were 45% vs. 22% in the untreated and treated fields, respectively. After displacement via the AF- deployment, a variability from 7% to 32% was noticed in the toxigenic isolates. The current findings support the long-term durability of the biocontrol application benefits without deleterious effects on each fungal population. Nevertheless, based on the current results, as well as on previous studies, the yearly applications of AF-X1 to Italian commercial maize fields should continue.

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Re-evaluation of aflatoxin M1 transfer into milk of high-yielding cows considering ration composition

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 from Feed to Cow Milk—A Review

Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 from Feed to Cow Milk—A Review

Multiple Year Influences of the Aflatoxin Biocontrol Product AF-X1 on the A. flavus Communities Associated with Maize Production in Italy

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