Re-examining the chemical evaluation of diagenesis in human bone apatite

Human dietary assessment in the Pre-colonial Lesser Antilles: New stable isotope evidence from Lavoutte, Saint Lucia

“…The lack of correlation between δ 13 C en and δ 13 C ap contrasts with the expectation that both form from blood (bi)-carbonate. The lack of correlation between these sample types, however, has been noted by other researchers (e.g., Loftus and Sealy, 2012) and may result from variation in how the materials respond to sample treatment, age-related differences between childhood and adult diets, diagenic alteration of bone apatite, or a combination of these factors (e.g., Garvie-Lok et al, 2004;King et al, 2011;Koch et al, 1997;Lee-Thorp and Sponheimer, 2003;Metcalfe et al, 2009;Hedges, 2000a, 2000b;Pestle et al, 2014;Wright and Schwarcz, 1996). Furthermore, no systematic offset in δ 13 C was found as some individuals possessed positive Δ 13 C en-ap offsets while others had negative values (Fig.…”

The Analysis of Heat-Induced Crystallinity Change in Bone

“…This broader interest is being explored more thoroughly now. For example, King et al (2011) used a combination of crystallinity indices (CI and C/P) to successfully distinguish archaeological from modern bone material; Weiner et al (1993) and Stiner et al (2001) have also used this to examine differences between Lebon et al (2010) bone samples from Israel, Sillen and Morris for samples from Southern Africa (1996). More recently, Howes et al (2013) have used them to examine diagenetic changes over shorter timescales.…”

“…The third major consideration is that whilst some workers may debate the application of CI to heat-altered bone, perhaps the key issue with the CI is that, as Piga et al (2008b) note, it Heat-induced changes to the Crystallinity Index using the FTIR-KBr method (data compiled from King et al, 2011;Koon et al, 2003;Lebon et al, 2010;Munro et al, 2007;Nagy et al, 2008;Piga et al, 2008a;Pucéat et al, 2004;Schiegl et al, 2003;Schwarz et al, 2009;Sillen and Morris, 1996;Stiner et al 2001;Thompson et al, 2009). The boxes represent 95% ranges, whilst the lines represent the total range of values, horizontal bars are the means and circles/asterisks are outlier values.…”

A moderate microsampling in Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry analysis of cultural heritage objects: a review

“…LA-ICP-MS was merged with instrumental methods providing molecular information about the determined compounds: Raman spectroscopy (RS) [79,121,168,194], Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) [131,194,195] or Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) [195] during glass, ceramic, bones and wall-paintings investigations.…”