Re-test of Rhinocyllus conicus host specificity, and the prediction of ecological risk in biological control

Arnett, Amy E.; Louda, Svaťa M.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00251-8

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Weed infestation has been recognized as a primary reason for loss in global biodiversity and even species extinction [8][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, non-native invasive plant species have long been of interest to natural resource managers, ecologists and biological conservationists [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Mırık¹,

Ansley²,

Steddom³

et al. 2013

Remote Sensing

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Remote detection of non-native invasive plant species using geospatial imagery may significantly improve monitoring, planning and management practices by eliminating shortfalls, such as observer bias and accessibility involved in ground-based surveys. The use of remote sensing for accurate mapping invasion extent and pattern offers several advantages, including repeatability, large area coverage, complete instead of sub-sampled assessments and greater cost-effectiveness over ground-based methods. It is critical for locating, early mapping and controlling small infestations before they reach economically prohibitive or ecologically significant levels over larger land areas. This study was designed to explore the ability of hyperspectral imagery for mapping infestation of musk thistle (Carduus nutans) on a native grassland during the preflowering stage in mid-April and during the peak flowering stage in mid-June using the support vector machine classifier and to assess and compare the resulting mapping accuracy for these two OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5 613 distinctive phenological stages. Accuracy assessment revealed that the overall accuracies were 79% and 91% for the classified images at preflowering and peak flowering stages, respectively. These results indicate that repeated detection of the infestation extent, as well as infestation severity or intensity, of this noxious weed in a spatial and temporal context is possible using hyperspectral remote sensing imagery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Mırık¹,

Ansley²,

Steddom³

et al. 2013

Remote Sensing

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“…Dethier, 1947;Ehrlich and Raven, 1964;Singer, 1971;Futuyma, 1983;Price, 1984;Spencer, 1988;Roitberg and Isman, 1992;Rosenthal and Berenbaum, 1991;Bernays and Chapman, 1994;Carde and Bell, 1995), there is still little evidence on the role of chemical variation in host range expansion. Un-answered questions include the degree to which chemical profile matters (Courtney and Kibota, 1990), the amount of chemical differentiation necessary to retard range expansion, and the precision of laboratory bioassays of insect preference in prediction of ecological effects on secondary hosts by a biological control insect (Arnett and Louda, 2002;Louda et al, 2003aLouda et al, , 2003b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The voluminous literature demonstrates the existence of consistent host plant preferences of phytophagous insects among plant species (see, for example, Spencer, 1988 &Carde andBell, 1995), including for R. conicus in Europe (Zwölfer, 1965;Zwölfer and Harris, 1984;Gassmann and Louda, 2001) and in North America (e.g. Turner et al, 1987;Louda and Arnett, 2000;Arnett and Louda, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

Jordon‐Thaden

Louda

2003

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

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Prediction of host plant range and ecological impact of exotic phytophagous insects, such as insects for classical biological control of weeds, represents a major challenge. Recently, the flowerhead weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl.), introduced from Europe into North America to control exotic thistles (Carduus spp.), has become invasive. It feeds heavily on some, but not all species of native North American thistles (Cirsium spp.). We hypothesized that such non-target use among native plants could be better predicted by knowledge of characteristic chemical profiles of secondary compounds to supplement the results of host specificity testing. To evaluate this hypothesis, we reviewed the literature on the chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus thistles. We asked what compounds are known to be present, what is known about their biological activity, and whether such information on chemical profiles would have better predicted realized host range and ecological effects of R. conicus in North America. We found an extensive, but incomplete literature on the chemistry of true thistles. Two main patterns emerged. First, consistent chemical similarities and interesting differences occur among species of thistles. Second, variation occurs in biologically active groups of characteristic compounds, specifically flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids and phenolic acids, that are known to influence host plant acceptance, selection, and feeding by phytophagous insects. Surprisingly, sesquiterpene lactones, which are characteristic in closely related Asteraceae, have not been extensively reported for Cirsium or Carduus. The minimal evidence on sesquiterpene lactones may reflect extraction methods vs. true absence. In summary, our review suggests further research on thistle chemistry in insect feeding is warranted. Also, since the exotic Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is an invasive thistle of current concern in North America, such research on mechanisms underlying host range expansion by exotic insects would be useful.

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“…Under a conservative, Tier I risk assessment, the eVect threshold or unacceptable level of risk for host-switching would be the successful production of agent progeny on any non-target plant species. A risk characterization of the potential for M. janthinus to impact S. virga beyond the acceptable critical eVects threshold would require Wlling a number of data gaps ( D ecological criteria sensu Arnett and Louda, 2002). This process might include determining: the phenologies of Dalmatian toadXax, S. virga, and M. janthinus under local environmental inXuences; the relative densities and spatial distribution of the two host plant species; M. janthinus disperal, feeding, and oviposition patterns under local conditions; and the impact of stochastic environmental perturbations that may potentially inXuence M. janthinus host use and acceptance patterns (i.e., wildWre, spray programs, atypical climatic events).…”

Section: Taxonomic Uncertainty: Native North American Scrophulariaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prerelease screening that evaluates biocontrol agent performance, in terms of both eYcacy and agent behavior (Arnett and Louda, 2002;Marohasy, 1998), should reduce potential risks associated with the agent when the agent is approved for release (Baars, 2000;Louda, 1998;SchaVner, 2001). Problems with the prerelease screening process for candidate agents, aside from the emphasis on detecting non-target impacts at the expense of evaluating eYcacy (Kluge, 2000), arise from a multitude of methodological issues that compromise the value of host selectivity testing (Gassmann and Louda, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective analysis of known and potential risks associated with exotic toadflax-feeding insects

Sing¹,

Peterson²,

Weaver³

et al. 2005

Biological Control

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Hansen, Richard W.; and Markin, George P., "A retrospective analysis of known and potential risks associated with exotic toadflax-feeding insects" (2005 AbstractTo date, eight exotic toadXax-feeding insect species have been accidentally or intentionally introduced to North America. Reports on their establishment and impact have been recorded for more than 60 years. Environmental risks linked to biological control of toadXax were identiWed in terms of host resources and undesirable impacts on the target species through the critical review of this record. Data gaps revealed during this retrospective analysis are addressed through suggestions for future research and associated experimental methodologies. Known and potential impacts of toadXax-feeding insects on both invasive toadXax and non-target species are examined. Recent programmatic demands for demonstrated agent eYcacy and stringent host selectivity during the prerelease screening process clearly illustrate that classical biological control of invasive toadXax in North America is progressing beyond the so-called lottery approach. 

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Re-test of Rhinocyllus conicus host specificity, and the prediction of ecological risk in biological control

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

A retrospective analysis of known and potential risks associated with exotic toadflax-feeding insects

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