Re-Thinking EEG-Based Non-Invasive Brain Interfaces: Modeling and Analysis

Abstract

Brain interfaces are cyber-physical systems that aim to harvest information from the (physical) brain through sensing mechanisms, extract information about the underlying processes, and decide/actuate accordingly. Nonetheless, the brain interfaces are still in their infancy, but reaching to their maturity quickly as several initiatives are released to push forward their development (e.g., NeuraLink by Elon Musk and 'typing-by-brain' by Facebook). This has motivated us to revisit the design of EEG-based non-invasive brain interfaces. Specifically, current methodologies entail a highly skilled neurofunctional approach and evidence-based a priori knowledge about specific signal features and their interpretation from a neuro-physiological point of view. Hereafter, we propose to demystify such approaches, as we propose to leverage new time-varying complex network models that equip us with a fractal dynamical characterization of the underlying processes. Subsequently, the parameters of the proposed complex network models can be explained from a system's perspective, and, consecutively, used for classification using machine learning algorithms and/or actuation laws determined using control system's theory. Besides, the proposed system identification methods and techniques have computational complexities comparable with those currently used in EEG-based brain interfaces, which enable comparable online performances. Furthermore, we foresee that the proposed models and approaches are also valid using other invasive and non-invasive technologies. Finally, we illustrate and experimentally evaluate this approach on real EEG-datasets to assess and validate the proposed methodology. The classification accuracies are high even on having less number of training samples.

Towards a Remote Monitoring of Patient Vital Signs Based on IoT-Based Blockchain Integrity Management Platforms in Smart Hospitals

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Taming the Unknown Unknowns in Complex Systems: Challenges and Opportunities for Modeling, Analysis and Control of Complex (Biological) Collectives

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A Brief Review of Chimera State in Empirical Brain Networks

“…The quantification of complexity in brain networks can be also measured by the multifractality and other factors (Liu et al, 2015 ; Lin et al, 2016 ; Xue and Bogdan, 2017 ; Racz et al, 2018 ; Gupta et al, 2019 ; Yang et al, 2019 ). A larger or more precise brain network can be obtained by reconstructing the connectivity under partial observability assumptions, which is common to many real world settings or experiments (Gupta et al, 2018 ; Xue and Bogdan, 2019 ).…”