Re-visiting the brachialis muscle: morphology, morphometry, gender diversity, and innervation

Dual innervation of the brachialis provides an early indication of recovery in radial nerve injury

“…Over the past decade, many groups have established in cadavers a relatively consistent anatomic pattern of dual innervation of the brachialis muscle from the musculocutaneous and radial nerves (Bendersky & Bianchi, 2012;Blackburn, Wood, Evans, & Watt, 2007;Frazer, Hobson, & McDonald, 2007;Ip & Chang, 1968;Mahakkanukrauh & Somsarp, 2002;Oh, Won, Lee, & Chung, 2009; Table 1). A recent publication described regions of autologous supply in dually innervated brachialis: with radial nerve branches to the inferior third of the deep (lateral) part of brachialis (Ilayperuma, Uluwitiya, Nanayakkara, & Palahepitiya, 2019). We have previously shown the clinical and MRI features of brachialis involvement in patients with isolated or combined injuries of these nerves (Puffer, Murthy, & Spinner, 2011;Spinner, Pichelmann, & Birch, 2003).…”