Reaching the highest shelf: A review of organic production, nutritional quality, and shelf life of kale (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>acephala</i>)

Reda, Tony; Thavarajah, Pushparajah; Polomski, Robert F.; Bridges, William C.; Shipe, E. R.; Thavarajah, Dil

doi:10.1002/ppp3.10183

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Planting density has been shown to affect the antioxidant capacity, including the content of ascorbic acid and total phenolics, in previous studies [ 20 , 33 ]. The same has been observed for glucosinolates; abiotic stress caused by planting density is the main factor affecting the antioxidant capacity of plants [ 17 , 22 , 33 ]. Competition for nutrients and space increases with planting density, and this is thought to increase the antioxidant capacity [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Effect of the Number of Dark Days and Planting Density on the Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Sprouts

Cheng

et al. 2022

Plants

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Mustard is an edible vegetable in the genus Brassica with tender and clean sprouts and short growth cycles that has become a rich source of nutrients required by humans. Here, the effects of dark exposure duration and planting density on the health-promoting phytochemicals and the antioxidant capacity of mustard sprouts were evaluated. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoids and the antioxidant capacity of mustard were higher in the two-day dark treatment; the content of indolic glucosinolates was also more affected in the dark day experiment than in the planting density experiment. The soluble sugar, soluble protein, and aliphatic and total glucosinolate levels were higher when sprouts were grown at high densities (6–7 g per tray); however, no significant variation was observed in the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids and the antioxidant capacity. The results of this study show that the optimum cultivation regime for maximizing the concentrations of nutrients of mustard plants is a planting density of 6 g of seeds per tray and a two-day dark treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In sprouts, a low seedling density can result in the sparse growth of sprouts and low yield. By contrast, high seedling density can result in uneven growth and decreases in biomass and nutritional quality due to limitations in matrix nutrients and space [ 17 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Number of Dark Days and Planting Density on the Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Sprouts

Cheng

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…The introduction of nutrient-dense natural food items, such as kale, in the regular diet of Saudi Arabians may be an essential step towards correcting this nutrient deficiency in the population. Kale, a green leafy brassica vegetable related to broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower, was traditionally known in the Netherlands, Scotland, and Northern Germany, and is only recently quickly becoming a popular specialty crop in the United States, particularly in the southern states of North and South Carolina, due to its high nutritional value [33]. We devised a 0-10 kale knowledge scale in this study, based on the 13 questions asked, related to kale and the health benefits of its consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude towards ‘Superfood’ Kale and Its Health Benefits among Arab Adults

et al. 2022

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This cross-sectional online survey aimed to determine the awareness of Arab adults on the benefits of consuming nutrient-dense foods, such as kale. A total of 1200 respondents completed the survey. The questionnaire included questions related to socio-economic information, e.g., whether the participants have consumed kale, if they observed any health effects, and 13 other questions to test their knowledge on this superfood. Only 276 (23%) of the participants had previously consumed kale, with 64.5% reporting favorable health outcomes, the most common of which was weight reduction, and only 17.8% reporting side effects, such as constipation and gastrointestinal irritation. From the 13 kale knowledge questions, the average total knowledge score, scaled from 0 to 10, was 3.5 and 3.7 for males and females, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that age, income, and educational status were significant contributors for predicting better knowledge scores, as older individuals with a higher income and higher education scored higher (odds ratio of 2.96, 2.00 and 4.58, respectively). To summarize, there is a dearth of awareness about kale and its health benefits in Saudi Arabia. Kale should be promoted as a super food in all segments, particularly among the younger, lower-income, and less-educated sections of the population.

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“…NASA scientists have also explored microgreens in space due to dynamic properties like the availability of oxygen generation, nitrogen, essential nutrients, and photoactive compounds to enhance the morale of astronauts during stretched stays away from Earth ( Kyriacou et al, 2017 ). Several breeding approaches and multiOmics have been explored to augment the shelf life, developmental rate and nutrient content of vegetables and fruits ( Kalia and Singh, 2018 ; Mathiazhagan et al, 2021 ; Reda et al, 2021 ; Valdes et al, 2021 ; AieseCigliano et al, 2022 ; Chakravorty et al, 2022 ; Dutta et al, 2022 ; Kumari et al, 2022 ; Parmar et al, 2022 ; Sahoo et al, 2022 ; Sharma et al, 2022 ). However, it has been observed in tomatoes that the dominance component was higher than the additive component for shelf life ( Pavan and Gangaprasad, 2022 ).…”

Section: Strategies To Overcome Limitations Of Microgreen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of microgreens as budding living functional food: Breeding and biofortification through OMICS and other approaches for nutritional security

Gupta

Sharma

Singh³

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Nutrient deficiency has resulted in impaired growth and development of the population globally. Microgreens are considered immature greens (required light for photosynthesis and growing medium) and developed from the seeds of vegetables, legumes, herbs, and cereals. These are considered “living superfood/functional food” due to the presence of chlorophyll, beta carotene, lutein, and minerals like magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), and Calcium (Ca). Microgreens are rich at the nutritional level and contain several phytoactive compounds (carotenoids, phenols, glucosinolates, polysterols) that are helpful for human health on Earth and in space due to their anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Microgreens can be used as plant-based nutritive vegetarian foods that will be fruitful as a nourishing constituent in the food industryfor garnish purposes, complement flavor, texture, and color to salads, soups, flat-breads, pizzas, and sandwiches (substitute to lettuce in tacos, sandwich, burger). Good handling practices may enhance microgreens’stability, storage, and shelf-life under appropriate conditions, including light, temperature, nutrients, humidity, and substrate. Moreover, the substrate may be a nutritive liquid solution (hydroponic system) or solid medium (coco peat, coconut fiber, coir dust and husks, sand, vermicompost, sugarcane filter cake, etc.) based on a variety of microgreens. However integrated multiomics approaches alongwith nutriomics and foodomics may be explored and utilized to identify and breed most potential microgreen genotypes, biofortify including increasing the nutritional content (macro-elements:K, Ca and Mg; oligo-elements: Fe and Zn and antioxidant activity) and microgreens related other traits viz., fast growth, good nutritional values, high germination percentage, and appropriate shelf-life through the implementation of integrated approaches includes genomics, transcriptomics, sequencing-based approaches, molecular breeding, machine learning, nanoparticles, and seed priming strategiesetc.

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Reaching the highest shelf: A review of organic production, nutritional quality, and shelf life of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of the Number of Dark Days and Planting Density on the Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Sprouts

Effect of the Number of Dark Days and Planting Density on the Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Sprouts

Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude towards ‘Superfood’ Kale and Its Health Benefits among Arab Adults

Prospects of microgreens as budding living functional food: Breeding and biofortification through OMICS and other approaches for nutritional security

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