Reaction and Surface Characterization Study of Higher Alcohol Synthesis Catalysts

Epling, William S.; Hoflund, Gar B.; Hart, Walter M.; Minahan, David M.

doi:10.1006/jcat.1997.1857

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, the Cu/ZnO catalyst, which is a renowned catalyst for methanol synthesis from syngas [1], gives a higher yield of higher alcohols such as propanol and butanol when the catalyst is doped with the Cs atoms [2,3]. A similar effect is also found for the K-promoted ZnO catalyst, which is found to be efficient for isobutanol synthesis, in sharp contrast to the undoped ZnO catalyst, which does not yield isobutanol [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Alkali-Metals on ZnO(10-10) Studied by Low-Energy Electron Diffraction and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Ozawa

Satō

Oba

et al. 2005

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol.

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The geometric and electronic properties of alkali metals (Na and Cs) on ZnO(1010) are investigated by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Growth of the Na overlayer on ZnO(1010) at room temperature is characterized by layer-by-layer growth or monolayer growth followed by three-dimensional cluster growth. The Na adatoms in the first layer are in a cationic state, and the metallic phase is formed on top of the first cationic layer. Although Na deposition at room temperature does not yield any long-range ordered superstructure, annealing the Na-covered surface results in a (1×3) LEED pattern, and we propose the formation of the Na atomic chains along the Zn-O dimer rows. For the Cs adsorption system, the disordered overlayer by ionized Cs adatoms is also formed throughout the submonolayer coverage region. Unlike the Na adsorption system, heat treatment of the Cs-covered surface does not yield any ordered structure until all Cs adatoms desorb from the surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A precise role of doped AM's in these catalytic reactions has not been fully understood. Thus, it is important to study the adsorption state of AM's and their behavior on the ZnO surface, especially at working temperatures between 500 and 700 K [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali-Metals on ZnO(10-10) Studied by Low-Energy Electron Diffraction and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Ozawa

Satō

Oba

et al. 2005

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol.

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“…The Zn 1 Cr 1 catalyst shows the best catalyst performance including CO conversion and isobutanol selectivity in which the nonstoichiometric spinel becomes the main phase. Some scholars believed that the ZnO phase was the active sites to form methanol, and the nonstoichiometric spinel was responsible for β‐addition to form isobutanol ,,. The mechanism of isobutanol formation consists of a series of reactions involving, the original product is methanol which is also the reactant to produce isobutanol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas over Zn‐Cr Catalyst: Effect of Zn/Cr Element Ratio

Tian

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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This report demonstrated the effect of Zn/Cr element ratio on Zn−Cr catalyst for isobutanol formation from the reaction of carbon monoxide hydrogenation. The catalysts of different Zn/Cr element ratios including 1 : 3, 1 : 1, 3 : 1 and 5 : 1 have been prepared by a facile coprecipitation approach and their activity evaluation of isobutanol formation by carbon monoxide hydrogenation were tested. The Zn1Cr1 catalyst of Zn/Cr element ratio being 1 : 1 presented outstanding activity for iso‐butanol formation from the carbon monoxide hydrogenation, carbon monoxide conversion and isobutanol selectivity reached to the maximum to ∼32 % and ∼24 %, respectively. Multi‐Characterization including TEM, XRD, BET, XAS, H2‐TPR, CO2‐TPD and XPS were proceed to investigate the physico‐chemical property of catalysts. The characterization results display that the Zn1Cr1 catalyst presents more nonstoichiometric Zn−Cr spinel and oxygen vacancies as well as more defects. The Zn1Cr1 catalyst also presents better properties of basicity, reducibility and BET surface area which are some other factors for better result of activity evaluation for isobutanol formation by carbon monoxide hydrogenation.

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“…HAS conditions were 310°C at 7.6 MPa with H 2 /CO = 0.45. Numerous papers by Hoflund and his group systematically describe the properties and effectiveness of promoted Zn/Cr HAS catalysts (Epling et al 1997;Epling et al 1998;Epling et al 1999;Hoflund et al 1997;Minahan et al 1998a;Minahan et al 1998b).…”

Section: Modified High Pressure/high Temperature Methanol Synthesis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Process Configuration for High-Temperature Sulfur Mitigation during Biomass Conversion via Indirect Gasification

Dutta

Cheah

Bain

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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amount of design data, more analysis should be performed for mixed alcohols synthesis to examine biomass-optimized configurations including recycle for maximum conversion and the resulting economics. All biomass fuels have potential to significantly reduce the import of petroleum products. Additionally, economies of scale can play a large factor in lowering the product cost. Therefore, opportunities to co-feed with coal or natural gas systems may be one way to get renewable fuels into the marketplace, just as co-firing biomass with coal is being done in the power generation industry. The impetus for this extensive literature review is the recent reorganization of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) into eleven new Program Offices. EERE's mission is to strengthen US energy security, environmental quality, and economic health. The Office of Biomass Program is one of these newly created offices. Its goal is developing technologies to transform our abundant biomass resources into clean, affordable, and domestically-produced biofuels, biopower, and high-value bioproducts resulting in economic development, energy supply options, and energy security. In this context, commercially available and nearcommercial syngas conversion processes were evaluated on technological, environmental, and economic bases. This report serves as a first step. Additional, more detailed analyses are required to identify promising, cost-effective fuel synthesis technologies where biomass thermochemical conversion could make an impact. iii Table 1: Summary of Product Information-Facts, Advantages, & Disadvantages Product Facts Advantages Disadvantages H 2 Largest use of syngas Predominately made via SMR Appears to be the most cost competitive option for biomass Automakers working on H 2 fueled vehicles Table of Contents Executive Summary/Conclusions .

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Reaction and Surface Characterization Study of Higher Alcohol Synthesis Catalysts

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Alkali-Metals on ZnO(10-10) Studied by Low-Energy Electron Diffraction and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Alkali-Metals on ZnO(10-10) Studied by Low-Energy Electron Diffraction and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas over Zn‐Cr Catalyst: Effect of Zn/Cr Element Ratio

Integrated Process Configuration for High-Temperature Sulfur Mitigation during Biomass Conversion via Indirect Gasification

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