Reaction and Surface Characterization Study of Higher Alcohol Synthesis Catalysts

Epling, William S.; Hoflund, Gar B.; Minahan, David M.

doi:10.1006/jcat.1998.2005

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Removal efficiency (RE) = C 0 − C t C 0 × 100 (%) (2) where C 0 and C t are the concentrations of HA in aqueous solution, in terms of the A 254 , A 345 , and TOC parameters at initial time and certain time t, respectively (mg L −1 ). Kinetics data were fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model [28], and expressed as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, Characterization of Nanosized ZnCr2O4 and Its Photocatalytic Performance in the Degradation of Humic Acid from Drinking Water

et al. 2018

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Zinc chromite (ZnCr 2 O 4 ) has been synthesized by the thermolysis of a new Zn(II)-Cr(III) oxalate coordination compound, namely [Cr 2 Zn(C 2 O 4 ) 4 (OH 2 ) 6 ]·4H 2 O. The coordination compound has been characterized by chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and thermal analysis. The zinc chromite obtained after a heating treatment of the coordination compound at 450 • C for 1 h has been investigated by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM/HR-TEM coupled with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) measurements. The photocatalytic performance of nanosized zinc chromite was assessed for the degradation and mineralization of humic acid (HA) from a drinking water source, envisaging the development of the advanced oxidation process for drinking water treatment technology. A mineralization efficiency of 60% was achieved after 180 min of 50 mg L −1 HA photocatalysis using zinc chromite under UV irradiation, in comparison with 7% efficiency reached by photolysis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many applications of the nanocrystalline ZnCr 2 O 4 spinel have been reported, e.g., as catalytic material for a variety of reactions [1][2][3], a photocatalyst [4][5][6][7], a sensor for toxic gases [8], and for humidity [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization of Nanosized ZnCr2O4 and Its Photocatalytic Performance in the Degradation of Humic Acid from Drinking Water

et al. 2018

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“…If other chemical states of Zn are present in the near-surface regions, they must be present in minute amounts relative to ZnO. In all of the previous studies [11,12,15,16], ZnO has been found to be the predominant Zn species in the near-surface region. Since the chemical state of the Zn in the near-surface regions of the two catalysts are identical, this cannot account for the observed differences in catalyst performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The surface Pd concentration, relative to the Zn after the sputtering treatment, is larger indicating that the Pd is distributed differently throughout the near-surface regions of these catalysts. Previous studies [15,16] of similar HAS catalysts have demonstrated that a Pd-enriched layer exists underneath an alkali-enriched surface layer. The Pd-enriched layer of the 7 wt.% K-promoted catalyst extends more deeply compared to the catalyst containing less K. This result indicates that the HAS reaction may be sensitive to the depth structure of the catalyst.…”

Section: A) Xps /'I~mentioning

confidence: 98%

Reaction and surface characterization study of Zn/Cr-based higher-alcohol synthesis catalysts X: Effects of excess promoter loading on surface chemistry

Epling

Hoflund

Minahan³

1999

React Kinet Catal Lett

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Promoter loading level significantly affects the catalytic behavior of Zn/Cr spinel higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) catalysts. In this study a 5.9 wt.% Pd-promoted Zn/Cr spinel with a 5 and 7 wt.% K promoter have been tested and compared. At 1500 psig and 400~ the catalyst containing 5 wt.% K results in the production of slightly more butanol, less methanol and more hydrocarbons. Using ion scattering spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, differences are found between the two catalyst surfaces which must be responsible for the differences in catalytic behavior.

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“…HAS conditions were 310°C at 7.6 MPa with H 2 /CO = 0.45. Numerous papers by Hoflund and his group systematically describe the properties and effectiveness of promoted Zn/Cr HAS catalysts (Epling et al 1997;Epling et al 1998;Epling et al 1999;Hoflund et al 1997;Minahan et al 1998a;Minahan et al 1998b).…”

Section: Modified High Pressure/high Temperature Methanol Synthesis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Process Configuration for High-Temperature Sulfur Mitigation during Biomass Conversion via Indirect Gasification

Dutta

Cheah

Bain

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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amount of design data, more analysis should be performed for mixed alcohols synthesis to examine biomass-optimized configurations including recycle for maximum conversion and the resulting economics. All biomass fuels have potential to significantly reduce the import of petroleum products. Additionally, economies of scale can play a large factor in lowering the product cost. Therefore, opportunities to co-feed with coal or natural gas systems may be one way to get renewable fuels into the marketplace, just as co-firing biomass with coal is being done in the power generation industry. The impetus for this extensive literature review is the recent reorganization of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) into eleven new Program Offices. EERE's mission is to strengthen US energy security, environmental quality, and economic health. The Office of Biomass Program is one of these newly created offices. Its goal is developing technologies to transform our abundant biomass resources into clean, affordable, and domestically-produced biofuels, biopower, and high-value bioproducts resulting in economic development, energy supply options, and energy security. In this context, commercially available and nearcommercial syngas conversion processes were evaluated on technological, environmental, and economic bases. This report serves as a first step. Additional, more detailed analyses are required to identify promising, cost-effective fuel synthesis technologies where biomass thermochemical conversion could make an impact. iii Table 1: Summary of Product Information-Facts, Advantages, & Disadvantages Product Facts Advantages Disadvantages H 2 Largest use of syngas Predominately made via SMR Appears to be the most cost competitive option for biomass Automakers working on H 2 fueled vehicles Table of Contents Executive Summary/Conclusions .

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Reaction and Surface Characterization Study of Higher Alcohol Synthesis Catalysts

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Synthesis, Characterization of Nanosized ZnCr2O4 and Its Photocatalytic Performance in the Degradation of Humic Acid from Drinking Water

Synthesis, Characterization of Nanosized ZnCr2O4 and Its Photocatalytic Performance in the Degradation of Humic Acid from Drinking Water

Reaction and surface characterization study of Zn/Cr-based higher-alcohol synthesis catalysts X: Effects of excess promoter loading on surface chemistry

Integrated Process Configuration for High-Temperature Sulfur Mitigation during Biomass Conversion via Indirect Gasification

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