Reaction chemistry and phase behavior of lignin in high-temperature and supercritical water

Reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin for chemicals and fuels using formic acid as an in-situ hydrogen source

“…In contrast, hydrolytic depolymerization of lignin operates under milder conditions requiring moderate temperatures (200-300C) but higher pressures (50-150 bar). Hydrolytic depolymerization of lignin can be realized through the hydrolytically cleavage of ether bonds in lignin catalyzed by an acid or base catalyst (Fang et al, 2008). For example, hydrolytic depolymerization of lignin was conducted at low temperatures in the presence of sulfuric acid, but the main drawback is that repolymerization of degraded intermediates resulted in a high yield of solid residue (Matsushita and Yasuda, 2005).…”

Understanding the Mechanism of Cypress Liquefaction in Hot-Compressed Water through Characterization of Solid Residues

“…However, the use of environmentally friendly and low energy-intensive approaches is highly desired. Hot-compressed and super/subcritical water have been widely studied and developed as technologies for the conversion of biomass to clean fuel and valuable chemicals [6,7]. The main advantage of these technologies is that drying process is not required for the conversion of wet biomass, because the water contained in biomass served as solvent as well as reactant [7].…”

High yield and high packing density porous carbon for unprecedented CO2 capture from the first attempt at activation of air-carbonized biomass

“…It has previously been postulated that lignin derived biochars are difficult to activate due to their high lignin content (compared to cellulose) and also due to the highly cross-linked in nature of lignin biochars. [75][76][77] It is therefore likely that during the burning of wood that generated the CNL1 carbon, the proportion of lignin products compared to cellulose products may have been enhanced due to easier burning of the later. Several studies have already established that lignin is thermally more stable in air compared to cellulose, 78,79 which is consistent with enrichment of the former in the CNL1 carbon.…”

“…Our findings on the effects of combustion of biomass on the properties of resulting carbonaceous matter are consistent with previous reports. [75][76][77][78][79][80][81] Furthermore, previous reports have shown that it is possible to generate high carbon yields by performing so-called flash carbonization of biomass under pressurized air conditions that allow some ignition of the biomass. 82 Overall, it is therefore possible to prepare CNL1 type carbon in the lab, which makes such carbon a viable route for the synthesis of activated carbons with the interesting properties described above.…”