Réaction d’hypersensibilité au sérum anti-scorpionique : à propos d’un cas et revue de littérature

Kaaniche, Fatma Medhioub; Allala, Rania; Baccouch, Najeh; Boujelbène, Mariem; Nasri, Abdenour

doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2019.02.001

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The therapeutic management of scorpionic envenomation has historically been based on antivenoms (the only specific treatment), prazosin, dobutamine, and benzodiazepines. The use of a specific antivenom is controversial [ 116 , 122 , 123 , 124 ] as it must be considered very early after envenomation since antibodies cannot act on toxins that are irreversibly bound to receptors [ 37 ]. These specific treatments are not used for envenomation events in France caused by native scorpions.…”

Section: Management Of Scorpionic Envenomationmentioning

confidence: 99%

French Scorpionism (Mainland and Oversea Territories): Narrative Review of Scorpion Species, Scorpion Venom, and Envenoming Management

Vaucel

Larréché

Paradis

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Sixty-seven scorpion species have been described in France and its territories, where they have been found to be heterogeneously distributed. Indeed, only one species can be found on Réunion Island, while 38 species exist in French Guiana. The number of stings is also heterogenous, with up to 90 stings per 100,000 inhabitants occurring annually. Scorpion species can frequently be determined through simple visual factors, including species of medical importance (i.e., Buthus, Centruroides and Tityus). Scorpion venom is composed of local enzymes and peptides with a cysteine-stabilized α/β motif (NaTxs, Ktxs, Calcines), which allow for venom diffusion and the prey’s incapacitation, respectively. Harmful scorpion species are limited to Centruroides pococki in the French West Indies, which can induce severe envenoming, and the Tityus obscurus and Tityus silvestris in French Guiana, which can cause fatalities in children and can induce severe envenoming, respectively. Envenomation by one of these scorpions requires hospital monitoring as long as systemic symptoms persist. Typical management includes the use of a lidocaine patch, pain killers, and local antiseptic. In the case of heart failure, the use of dobutamine can improve survival, and pregnant women must consult an obstetrician because of the elevated risk of preterm birth or stillbirth. France does not have scorpion antivenom, as scorpion stings are generally not fatal.

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