Reaction Kinetics of Concentrated-Acid Hydrolysis for Cellulose and Hemicellulose and Effect of Crystallinity

Kanchanalai, Pakkapol; Temani, Gaurav; Kawajiri, Yoshiaki; Park, Jongwoo

doi:10.15376/biores.11.1.1672-1689

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Concentrated acid hydrolysis has been applied to breakdown lignocellulosic efficiently [18][19][20]. The hydrolysis of cellulose to its monomer sugar component occurs by degradation of chemical bonds in cellulose by the hydrolytic cleavage of β-1, 4-glycosidic bond which is catalyzed by H + ions of an acid.…”

Section: Recalcitrance and Dissolution Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Biofuels

Irmak¹

2019

Biomass for Bioenergy - Recent Trends and Future Challenges

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Lignocellulosic biomass materials are attracting increasing attention as renewable, economical and abundant resources to reduce dependency on petroleum resources. However, chemical and physicochemical properties of these materials (e.g., low density, moisture content, complex and rigid structure, etc.) limit their use. The contents and compositions of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin polymers in biomass feedstock highly affect the efficiencies of conversion technologies. In aqueous-phase utilization processes, it is necessary to breakdown the starting biomass material into soluble components and release the carbohydrates into hydrolysate for an effective conversion. It is not economical to convert biomass hydrolysates into renewable fuels in high yields if they mostly contain large-sized molecules such as polysaccharides. The chapter describes challenges of lignocellulosic biomass materials usage in biofuel application such as their complexity and diversity, content and composition, low density, moisture content and dissolution difficulties, etc.

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Section: Recalcitrance and Dissolution Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Biofuels

Irmak¹

2019

Biomass for Bioenergy - Recent Trends and Future Challenges

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“…Apart from the quantity of recoverable hydrolysate and sugar content, inhibitory substances in the hydrolysate should also be accounted. Considering that cellulose is made up of cross-linked glucose sugars, hydrolysates may contain degradation products of glucose such as 5-HMF (Kanchanalai et al, 2016). However, analysis of inhibitor using HPLC showed that no traces of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in the hydrolysates, which suggests that the hydrolysis conditions may not be severe enough for the reducing sugars to be degraded to form 5-HMF.…”

Section: Acid Hydrolysis Of Carrageenan Filter Cakementioning

confidence: 99%

Acid Hydrolysis as a Method to Valorize Cellulosic Filter Cake From Industrial Carrageenan Processing

Gontiñas

Cabatingan

et al. 2019

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Wastes generated from carrageenan processing industry include cellulosic filter cakes (CFC) which are mainly composed of structural sugar (0.25 w/w) and ash (0.75 w/w, primarily perlite). This study investigated the possible valorization of CFC by recovering the available sugars as glucose through direct acid hydrolysis. Five different sulfuric acid concentrations (5% v/v to 15% v/v) were used as catalyst for hydrolysis done at constant temperature and solvent-to-solid ratio of 95°C and 8 mL/g, respectively, over a reaction time of 5 to 300 minutes, to determine the effect of acid concentration on the hydrolysis yield. The maximum sugar yield achieved was only ~0.06 w/w, corresponding to a recovery of ~24%, for hydrolysis done with 10% v/v sulfuric acid for 120 minutes. Although the amount of sugar recovered was relatively low, hydrolysates obtained have a sugar concentration of ~7 g/L, a level considered adequate for substrates in some fermentation processes. In addition, none of the inhibitory compound, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, was present in the hydrolysate. Drying of residual solids obtained after hydrolysis was found to result in the sulfonation of the remaining organic fraction, producing a sulfonated residue (with total acid density of 4 to 7 mmol H+/g) which may be used as solid acid catalyst.

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“…Thus, an increased crystallinity index could represent the removal of amorphous structures in biomass. In addition to a highly ordered crystalline region, cellulose also contains a para-crystalline region and a relatively amorphous region that can be readily hydrolyzed, while the highly crystalline region, usually buried deeply in the complex structure of lignocellulose, is very cumbersome to hydrolyze (Kanchanalai et al 2016). Figure 9 shows the XRD patterns of untreated samples and those treated at 120 °C, 140 °C, 160 °C, and 200 °C, as well as ɑ-cellulose samples treated at 200 °C.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Step Conversion of Corn Stover into Furfural and Levulinic Acid in a Water/Gamma-Valerolactone System

Li¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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A two-step hydrolysis method was evaluated as a potential means of obtaining high yields of furfural and levulinic acid from corn stover using sulfuric acid as catalyst in a water/gamma-valerolactone (GVL) system. The corn stover underwent a high-temperature hydrolysis process to produce levulinic acid, followed by a low-temperature hydrolysis process to produce furfural. A series of experiments were conducted to explore the relationship between the different reaction parameters and the final yields of furfural and levulinic acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to further elaborate on the hydrolysis results. Molar yields of about 70.65% furfural and 57.7% levulinic acid were obtained by applying this method with a low temperature of 140 °C and a high temperature of 190 °C, together with 0.2 M of sulfuric acid used as the catalyst. These results indicated that this was an effective way to obtain satisfactory yields of furfural and levulinic acid from corn stover.

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Reaction Kinetics of Concentrated-Acid Hydrolysis for Cellulose and Hemicellulose and Effect of Crystallinity

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Biofuels

Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Biofuels

Acid Hydrolysis as a Method to Valorize Cellulosic Filter Cake From Industrial Carrageenan Processing

A Two-Step Conversion of Corn Stover into Furfural and Levulinic Acid in a Water/Gamma-Valerolactone System

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