Reaction layer formation on bronze with an S-P extreme pressure additive in boundary lubrication under increasing load: I

Sakamoto, Tohru; Uetz, H.; Föhl, J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(85)90230-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…If oil lacks lubricating ability, excessive wear and friction can occur, leading to failure of lubricated contacts. Antiwear additives usually contain sulphur and phosphorus . Ma et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antiwear additives usually contain sulphur and phosphorus. [2] Ma et al [3] showed that the AW and friction-reducing performance of P-and/or S-containing additives in water-based lubricants could be attributed to the formation of tribological films on the metal surface [4] having a composition different from that of the tribological films formed in the absence of water. Tuszynski et al [5] explained the extended fatigue life when using AW additives by the contact stress reduction due to surface asperities, which are softened and can flatten because of the tribological film formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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XPS analysis on the influence of water on the evolution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate–derived reaction layer in lubricated rolling contacts

Nedelcu

Piras

Rossi

et al. 2012

Surface & Interface Analysis

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aThe presence of water in lubricating oil affects the performance of lubricated rolling contacts. This work particularly focuses on the role of water in altering the evolution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)-derived reaction layers. A series of tribological tests were carried out using a rolling four-ball machine. Different initial water amounts were added to 2 wt% ZDDP in poly-alpha-olefin (PAO). The reaction layer evolution and its chemical properties were studied using XPS and SEM. SEM analyses show that water seems to inhibit the growth of the ZDDP-derived reaction layer. XPS analyses reveal that the reaction layer undergoes a depolymerisation of the polyphosphate chain when water is present in lubricated contacts. Surface distress was observed in 2 wt% ZDDP in poly-alpha-olefin, whereas when water was mixed with pure base oil, the surface distress increased. Different mechanisms of the influence of water on the ZDDP-derived reaction layer evolution are discussed.

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“…If oil lacks lubricating ability, excessive wear and friction can occur, leading to failure of lubricated contacts. Antiwear additives usually contain sulphur and phosphorus . Ma et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS analysis on the influence of water on the evolution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate–derived reaction layer in lubricated rolling contacts

Nedelcu

Piras

Rossi

et al. 2012

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…Performance-enhancing properties of these additives are very important since, if oil lacks lubricating ability, excessive wear and friction can occur [1]. The main elements, which are responsible for the EP and antiwear action, are sulphur and phosphorus, respectively [2]. The solubility of additives is a major issue in additive technology, because having these additives in a solution in the lubricant is essential in order to transport them close to the rubbing steel surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of base oil polarity and slide–roll ratio on additive-derived reaction layer formation

Naveira-Suarez

Tomala

Grahn

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Functional additives, particularly extreme-pressure and antiwear additives, in formulated oil will compete to adsorb and form a protective layer in tribological contacts. The thickness of the layer is determined by the equilibrium between the formation and removal processes. In this article, the interactions between additives and base oil molecules and operating conditions influence friction and wear are studied. One polar (ester oil) and one non-polar (poly-a-olefin) commercial base oil blended with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates were studied. The tribological performance was evaluated using a ball-on-disc test rig under mixed rolling-sliding conditions in the boundary lubrication regime. An adapted in situ interferometry technique was used to monitor the additive-derived reaction layer formation. The properties of the additive-derived reaction layers were studied using surface analysis techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. A thicker layer was formed when the additive is blended in the nonpolar oil. This observation suggests that base oil polarity determines the transport of additives to the surface, thereby controlling the maximum reaction layer thickness, friction and wear, as well as the morphology of the additive-derived reaction layer. However, the reaction layer chemical composition is not strongly influenced by the base oil polarity. Among the operating conditions, shear was identified as a fundamental parameter for the activation of additives on rubbing steel surfaces and the properties of the derived reaction layer.

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“…The main elements, which are responsible for the EP and AW action, are sulfur and phosphorus, respectively (Sakamoto et al . 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of ZDDP‐derived reaction layer morphology with rubbing time

Naveira-Suarez¹,

Tomala²,

Pasaribu³

et al. 2010

Scanning

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Functional additives, particularly extreme pressure and antiwear additives, in formulated oil will compete to adsorb and function in tribological contacts. A low-polarity commercial base oil, poly-α-olefin (PAO), blended with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) has been studied. The tribological performance was evaluated using a ball-on-disk test rig under mixed rolling-sliding conditions in the boundary lubrication regime at 90°C. An adapted in situ interferometry technique was used to monitor the additive-derived reaction layer formation. The thickness of the reaction layer evolves with rubbing until reaching a limiting thickness value of approximately 70 nm. The evolution of the topography and mechanical properties of the ZDDP-derived reaction layer with rubbing time were studied using Atomic Force Microscopy. A constant roughening and hardening of the additive-derived layer with rubbing time is observed and related to the different tribological performance of the layer at different rubbing times.

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Reaction layer formation on bronze with an S-P extreme pressure additive in boundary lubrication under increasing load: I

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

XPS analysis on the influence of water on the evolution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate–derived reaction layer in lubricated rolling contacts

XPS analysis on the influence of water on the evolution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate–derived reaction layer in lubricated rolling contacts

The influence of base oil polarity and slide–roll ratio on additive-derived reaction layer formation

Evolution of ZDDP‐derived reaction layer morphology with rubbing time

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