Reaction mechanism for the acid ferric sulfate leaching of chalcopyrite

Munoz, P. B.; Miller, Jan D.; Wadsworth, M.E.

doi:10.1007/bf02652458

Cited by 211 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Chalcopyrite is the most abundant copper mineral and is attracting increasing interest as a leaching target. It also features prominently in the literature (Braun et al, 1974;Munoz et al, 1979). However, we emphasise that the proposed methodolody is general and can be applied just as easily to the leaching of other minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Models for apparent reaction kinetics in heap leaching: A new semi-empirical approach and its comparison to shrinking core and other particle-scale models

et al. 2016

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Particle-scale effects are critically important to the performance of heap leaching operations. In a heap-scale simulation, the transport of fluid phases and reactive species external to the ore particles might be modelled with thousands of grid elements by the finite volume or finite element method. The inter-and intra-particle diffusions and reactions are usually parametrised by a deterministic model, such as the shrinking core model (SCM), that translates the external conditions into an effective product extraction rate. However, the rate equation takes the form of an implicit or partial differential equation for all but the simplest models and kinetic regimes, becoming expensive to solve on large grids. We instead propose an economical, easily calibrated semi-empirical approach in which the dependencies on external conditions and the current state of the ore are considered to be mathematically separable. We show that the standard SCM does not suffer greatly from this approximation even when there is a mixed control regime with nonlinear kinetics. The dependency on the state of the ore is derived empirically, inherently capturing heterogeneous features and cluster-scale effects. We demonstrate that this method scales correctly when fitted to data from physical column leaching experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Models for apparent reaction kinetics in heap leaching: A new semi-empirical approach and its comparison to shrinking core and other particle-scale models

et al. 2016

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“…Low dissolution rate of copper from chalcopyrite could be attributed to the formation of passive layers 16 such as elemental sulfur layer [17][18][19] , a copper-rich polysulfide layer 20 and layers consisting of iron salt 21 on the chalcopyrite surface. Elemental sulfur layer formed on the surface of chalcopyrite by the oxidation of ferric ions is extremely low electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic Leaching of Chalcopyrite Using Manganese Oxides in Spent Zinc-Carbon Batteries

Nakazawa

Hareyama

2016

Resources Processing

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It is well known that galvanic interaction between sulfide minerals and manganese oxides in manganese nodules accelerates the leaching of sulfide minerals. Zinc-carbon batteries contain a moist paste (hereafter, black paste) of manganese oxides and graphite powder as cathode mix. We have investigated the feasibility of galvanic leaching of chalcopyrite using chemical reagent MnO 2 and black paste. Addition of MnO 2 enhanced the leaching of chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid media with pH 1.0 and Mn concentration also increased remarkably. Extraction yields of Cu and Mn were 52% and 23% respectively at a MnO 2 to chalcopyrite mass ratio of 4 in 24 days. In the presence of black paste the kinetics of chalcopyrite leaching was accelerated dramatically and 83% of Cu in the concentrate was extracted in 40 hours. The graphite powder contained in black paste could play an important role in the galvanic leaching of chalcopyrite in the presence of MnO 2 .

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“…In general, the initial dissolution kinetics are considered to be quite fast, and then slow as the sulphur-rich layer forms. The rate of dissolution has been reported to be relatively insensitive to ferric concentration [66]. At ambient temperatures, the dissolution of chalcopyrite is limited and generally very minimal, and [64] suggests that the initial kinetic rate can be ignored under these conditions because the sulphur or sulphur-rich product layer forms quickly.…”

Section: Chalcopyrite Rate Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A kinetic rate equation was developed from small scale leach tests for chalcopyrite by [66]. The fraction of chalcopyrite reacted was modelled using a shrinking core and was derived as shown in Equation (21).…”

Section: Chalcopyrite Rate Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heap Leaching: Modelling and Forecasting Using CFD Technology

McBride

Gebhardt²,

Croft

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Heap leach operations typically employ some form of modelling and forecasting tools to predict cash flow margins and project viability. However, these vary from simple spreadsheets to phenomenological models, with more complex models not commonly employed as they require the greatest amount of time and effort. Yet, accurate production modelling and forecasting are essential for managing production and potentially critical for successful operation of a complex heap, time and effort spent in setting up modelling tools initially may increase profitability in the long term. A brief overview of various modelling approaches is presented, but this paper focuses on the capabilities of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Advances in computational capability allow for complex CFD models, coupled with leach kinetic models, to be applied to complex ore bodies. In this paper a comprehensive hydrodynamic CFD model is described and applied to chalcopyrite dissolution under heap operating conditions. The model is parameterized against experimental data and validated against a range of experimental leach tests under different thermal conditions. A three-dimensional 'virtual' heap, under fluctuating meteorological conditions, is simulated. Continuous and intermittent irrigation is investigated, showing copper recovery per unit volume of applied leach solution to be slightly increased for pulse irrigation.

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Reaction mechanism for the acid ferric sulfate leaching of chalcopyrite

Cited by 211 publications

References 4 publications

Models for apparent reaction kinetics in heap leaching: A new semi-empirical approach and its comparison to shrinking core and other particle-scale models

Models for apparent reaction kinetics in heap leaching: A new semi-empirical approach and its comparison to shrinking core and other particle-scale models

Galvanic Leaching of Chalcopyrite Using Manganese Oxides in Spent Zinc-Carbon Batteries

Heap Leaching: Modelling and Forecasting Using CFD Technology

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