Reaction mechanism of all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery with two-dimensional mesoporous carbon electrodes

Nagao, Masanori; Imade, Yuki; Narisawa, Haruto; Watanabe, Ryota; Yokoi, Toshiyuki; Tatsumi, Takashi; Kanno, Ryoji

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.037

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[18][19][20] SBA-15 silica was prepared using a triblock copolymer (EO 20 -PO 70 EO 20 (P-123), 5 g, Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as a carbon source. [18][19][20] The mixture of SBA-15, furfuryl alcohol, and oxalic acid was polymerized for 48 h at 100°C. Then, the mixture was carbonized for 3 h at 800°C in Ar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Highly ordered mesoporous carbon consists of a carbon matrix arranged with regularly patterned mesopores. [18][19][20][21][22][23] This kind of carbon was synthesized by using an ordered mesoporous silica template coated on a carbon precursor. CMK-3, which is synthesized by using rod-shaped silica SBA-15 as the template, has stacks of hollow rod-shaped pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Support Materials for Air Electrode of Lithium Air Secondary Batteries

et al. 2017

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The electrochemical properties of a lithium air secondary battery (LAB) cell incorporating CMK-3 or carbon replica (CR) as a highly ordered mesoporous carbon support material were examined under the condition of a current density of 0.1 mA/cm 2 with a voltage range of 2.0 to 4.2 V in a dry air atmosphere. The first discharge capacities of the LAB cell incorporating Pt 10 Ru 90 electrocatalyst/CMK-3 and CR were 103 and 1000 mAh/g, respectively. The cycle properties of the LAB cell incorporating Pt 10 Ru 90 electrocatalyst/CMK-3 was poor; in contrast, the one incorporating CR showed better cycle stability (828 mAh/g up to 9 cycles). These superior properties with CR are due to its larger surface area and larger total pore volume than those of CMK-3.

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“…[18][19][20] SBA-15 silica was prepared using a triblock copolymer (EO 20 -PO 70 EO 20 (P-123), 5 g, Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as a carbon source. [18][19][20] The mixture of SBA-15, furfuryl alcohol, and oxalic acid was polymerized for 48 h at 100°C. Then, the mixture was carbonized for 3 h at 800°C in Ar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Support Materials for Air Electrode of Lithium Air Secondary Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…Kanno et al 113 reported the ex situ X-ray scattering study of Li-S cell with thio-LISICON (Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 ) electrolyte. The formation of two Li 2 S phases during the discharge reaction and the strong interaction between sulfur and carbon layer was confirmed.…”

Section: A6015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Solid Electrolytes for Safe and High Energy Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Promises and Challenges

Judez

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

158

128

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All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) offer a means to enhance the energy density and safety of the state-of-art lithiumion batteries (LIBs), due to their high gravimetric energy density, low cost and environmental benignancy. In this work, the status of the research advances and perspectives on several types of solid electrolytes (SEs) developed for ASSLSBs are reviewed. The promises and challenges of utilizing SEs are discussed taking into account both theoretical calculation and experimental results, in hope of shedding some lights on future design of high energy density, cost competitive, and safe Li-S batteries. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been extensively investigated for lightweight applications (e.g., aircraft, artificial satellite, and unmanned aerial vehicles), and large-scale stationary energy storage, owing to their high gravimetric energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness.1-3 The deployment of Li-S batteries into commercial market is hampered by several seemingly intrinsic problems resulting from the complex cell chemistry. Firstly, the electronically insulating nature of elemental sulfur (S 8 ) and end-product lithium sulfide (Li 2 S) leads to unstable electrochemical contact within S cathode. [4][5][6][7] Secondly, the soluble intermediates of polysulfide (PS) can diffuse between the cathode and anode (i.e., shuttle effect of PS), generating an active material loss in S cathode and degrading metallic Li anode. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Thirdly, the formation of 'dead' Li and Li dendrites upon cycling could not only decrease the Coulombic efficiency but also raise safety issues. [10][11][12] In recent years, various strategies have been attempted to overcome the above-mentioned problems. Most of the efforts have been devoted to enhance the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries using well-designed cathode materials. 13 The diffusion of polysulfide species generated during discharge into electrolytes can be significantly suppressed by infusing sulfur into carbon materials in the cathode with an adequately controlled and engineered porosity and pore size, thus increasing the practical capacity and cyclability of Li-S batteries. These rational and creative strategies of cathode design have been covered by a number of recent reviews. 7,14,15 Besides, new binders (e.g., poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) 16 and carboxymethycellulose (CMC) 17,18 ) have been employed for guarantying the integrity of the morphology and structure of S cathode, and enhancing the adhesion to current collector. The modification of separators (e.g., multiwall carbon nanotubes coated polypropylene 19 and lithiated Nafion 20 ) have been also developed for reducing the migration of polysulfides, thus mitigating the shuttle effect of PS. 21Apart from the strategies mentioned above, another approach, focusing on electrolyte formulation and modification, has been proved to be effective. The performances of Li-S batteries are largely affected by the electrolyte recipes, such as the type and identity of so...

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“…11,12 Therefore, mesoporous carbon materials containing highly ordered mesopores within their matrix are widely used for this purpose, and are expected to be suitable candidates for the preparation of composite sulfur-carbon electrodes. [2][3][4]13 These mesoporous carbon materials have unique characteristics such as large surface area (e.g. CMK-3: ∼2000 m 2 g -1 ) 10 and large amount of mesopores in the structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of a Sulfur-Carbon Replica Composite Electrode for All-Solid-State Li-Sulfur Batteries

Suzuki

Tateishi

Nagao

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon replica constructed of three-dimensional, ordered mesopores was employed as the conductive framework for the composite electrode in Li-sulfur all-solid-state batteries. Using a gas-phase mixing method under various conditions, elemental sulfur was introduced into the mesopores with an average diameter of 12 nm. The all-solid-state cells consisted of the sulfur-carbon replica composite cathode, thio-LISICON solid electrolyte, and Li-Al alloy anode. The cells produced discharge capacities of approximately 1500 mAh g −1 in the 1 st cycle, which is comparable to the theoretical capacity of sulfur. Thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that sulfur deposited inside the mesopores is the main contributor to the excellent performance of the battery. However, sulfur strongly interacted with the carbon replica, reducing the thickness of the carbon wall from 7 to 4 nm. This structural change in the carbon matrix triggered the deterioration of battery performance, especially the cycling capability. Optimizing the sulfur deposition conditions could therefore enhance the performance of batteries using such composite electrodes. The all-solid-state Li-sulfur battery is a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage systems due to its large theoretical capacity (1672 mAh g −1 ), the abundance and low toxicity of sulfur, and the non-flammable nature of solid electrolytes. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In addition, the solid electrolyte prevents the dissolution of lithium polysulfides Li 2 S n (3 ≤ n < 8) into the electrolyte during charge-discharge reactions, which is a serious issue for liquid-type Li-sulfur batteries. 7,8 However, the low electrical conductivity of sulfur (5 × 10 −30 S cm −1 ) 9 lowers its utilization ratio, thus deteriorating the rates and cycle capabilities of these batteries. To overcome such problems, carbon materials have been employed as the framework for sulfur composite electrodes, because their superior electrical conductivities can enhance the charge-discharge characteristics of Li-sulfur batteries. 1,2,4,10 In particular, the large volume changes of sulfur itself during battery reaction also hamper reversible charge-discharge.11,12 Therefore, mesoporous carbon materials containing highly ordered mesopores within their matrix are widely used for this purpose, and are expected to be suitable candidates for the preparation of composite sulfur-carbon electrodes.2-4,13 These mesoporous carbon materials have unique characteristics such as large surface area (e.g. CMK-3: ∼2000 m 2 g -1 )10 and large amount of mesopores in the structure. The mesopores accommodate more sulfur and suppress the sulfur volume change in the composite. Although CMK-3 with ordered two-dimensional mesopores (∼2 nm) is an attractive carbon matrix candidate, its cylindrical pores do not facilitate contact between the sulfur within and the solid electrolyte, 2,3 while both ionic and electronic conduction pathways are necessary for the electrode to function. Therefore, a novel composite electrode design could i...

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Reaction mechanism of all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery with two-dimensional mesoporous carbon electrodes

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Support Materials for Air Electrode of Lithium Air Secondary Batteries

Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Support Materials for Air Electrode of Lithium Air Secondary Batteries

Review—Solid Electrolytes for Safe and High Energy Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Promises and Challenges

Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of a Sulfur-Carbon Replica Composite Electrode for All-Solid-State Li-Sulfur Batteries

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