Reaction of metallic uranium with NO2 in TBP

Buchikhin, E. P.; Kuznetsov, A. Yu.; Vidanov, V. L.; Shatalov, V. V.

doi:10.1134/s1066362206050080

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A mixture of iodine and the S-donor tetraethylthiuram disulfide can dissolve gold [161]. DMF-Cl 2 can dissolve zirconium [162], while uranium metal can be dissolved in TBP-TCE-Cl 2 or TBP-TCE-NO 2 (TBP = tributyl phosphate, TCE = tetrachloroethylene) [163,164]. As mentioned in the section on ionometallurgical processes, polyhalide ionic liquids with the tribromide anion are able to dissolve elemental mercury [139].…”

Section: Oxidative Dissolution Of Metals In Non-aqueous Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Binnemans

Jones

2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

234

187

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This position paper introduces the reader to the concept of solvometallurgy, the term used to describe the extraction of metals from ores, industrial process residues, production scrap, and urban waste using non-aqueous solutions. Here, non-aqueous is not used to imply anhydrous, but rather a low water content. The unit operations are as follows: solvent leaching; separation of the residue; purification of the leach solution by non-aqueous solvent extraction or non-aqueous ion exchange; and metal recovery by precipitation or electrolysis in non-aqueous electrolytes. Solvometallurgy is similar to hydrometallurgy in that both the branches of extractive metallurgy use lowtemperature processes, but with solvometallurgy, there is no discrete water phase. Both branches use organic or inorganic solvents (excluding water in the case of solvometallurgy). However, for solvometallurgical processes to be sustainable, they must be based on green solvents, which means that all toxic or environmentally harmful solvents must be avoided. Solvometallurgy is complementary to pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, but this new approach offers several advantages. First, the consumption of water is very limited, and so the generation of wastewater can be avoided. Second, the leaching and solvent extraction can be combined to form a single step, resulting in more simplified process flow sheets. Third, solvent leaching is often more selective than leaching with acidic aqueous solutions, leading to reduced acid consumption and fewer purification steps. Fourth, solvometallurgy is useful for the treatment of ores rich in soluble silica (e.g., eudialyte) because no silica gel is formed. In short, solvometallurgy is in a position to help develop the near-zero-waste metallurgical processes, and with levels of energy consumption that are much lower than those with the high-temperature processes. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this emerging branch of extractive metallurgy is still low (TRL = 3-4), which is a disadvantage for short-term implementation, but offers a great opportunity for further research, development, and innovation.

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Section: Oxidative Dissolution Of Metals In Non-aqueous Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Binnemans

Jones

2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

234

187

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“…The possible reason for this increase is the formation of HNO 3 from the reaction between NO 2 and water. The organic solvent mixture TBP–TCE (30:70 v/v) can be replaced by DMF, DMSO, acetonitrile, nitromethane, diethylformamide, or hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) . In all systems, uranium metal did react with NO 2 at an appreciable rate, but HMPA reacted vigorously with NO 2 , and its nitration rate is considerably higher than the uranium dissolution rate.…”

Section: Other Oxidizing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We mentioned in section 2.1 that uranium can be oxidized by chlorine in the presence of TBP in TCE, but it can also be oxidized by nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in TBP-TCE at moderate temperatures (30−70 °C). 129 The reaction rate increases with an increase in TBP and NO 2 concentrations. The reaction mechanism is proposed as shown in eq 26, with NO 2 acting as oxidizing agent and TBP as donor solvent.…”

Section: Nitrogen Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Dissolution of Metals in Organic Solvents

Binnemans

2021

Chem. Rev.

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Dissolution of metals in organic solvents is relevant to various application fields, such as metal extraction from ores or secondary resources, surface etching or polishing of metals, direct synthesis of organometallic compounds, and separation of metals from other compounds. Organic solvents for dissolution of metals can offer a solution when aqueous systems fail, such as separation of metals from metal oxides, because both the metal and metal oxide could codissolve in aqueous acidic solutions. This review critically discusses organic media (conventional molecular organic solvents, ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide) for oxidative dissolution of metals in different application areas. The reaction mechanisms of dissolution processes are discussed for various lixiviant systems which generally consist of oxidizing agents, chelating agents, and solvents. Different oxidizing agents for dissolution of metals are reviewed such as halogens, halogenated organics, donor–acceptor electron-transfer systems, polyhalide ionic liquids, and others. Both chemical and electrochemical processes are included. The review can guide researchers to develop more efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly processes for dissolution of metals in their elemental state.

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Reaction of metallic uranium with NO2 in TBP

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Oxidative Dissolution of Metals in Organic Solvents

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