Reaction of Oxygen with Evaporated Films of Lead

Anderson, J.; Tare, V. B.

doi:10.1021/j100788a036

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The experimentally observed values fall within these ranges, thus providing some confidence in our estim ate of the oxide thickness 'a t saturation'. This estimate is also in reasonable agreement with the ellipsometric data of Eldridge & Dong (1973), who suggest an oxide thickness of 1.5 nm after 10 min exposure to oxygen a t 1 atmosphere (an exposure of 4.5 x 1011 L) a t 273 K but in disagreement with the data of Anderson & Tare (1964) who reported a thickness of 3.1 nm at an oxygen pressure of 10~2 Torr. Furtherm ore the films of PbO showed no change in the ellipsometric optical 'constants' during oxide growth, indicating little or no cation excess in the oxide.…”

Section: Extent Of Oxygen Uptakesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The interaction of oxygen and hydrogen sulphide with polycrystalline lead surfaces had been investigated by kinetic and work function studies (Anderson & Tare 1964;Eldridge & Dong 1973;Saleh, Wells & Roberts 1964) and by electron spectroscopy (Kishi & Roberts 1975;Evans & Thomas 1975;Kim, O'Leary & Winograd 1973). Interm ediates including surface hydroxyl groups and molecularly adsorbed water were recognized during the ' reduction ' of the oxide by hydrogen sulphide a t 85 K from characteristic O(ls) binding energies (Kishi & Roberts 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low energy electron diffraction and electron spectroscopic studies of the oxidation and sulphidation of Pb(100) and Pb(110) surfaces

Joyner

Kishi

Roberts

1978

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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The interaction of oxygen and hydrogen sulphide with Pb(100) and Pb(110) surfaces has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.p.s.) and low energy electron diffraction (l.e.e.d.). In the temperature range 90-295 K, oxygen interaction with both crystal planes gave rise to an O(1s) peak of binding energy 529.5 eV and a full width at half maximum height of only 1.4 eV. Both were essentially invariant during oxidation. The Pb 4f7/2 peak on the other hand increased in width after an oxygen exposure of only 100LJ and with further oxygen exposure a distinct and new peak developed at 1 eV higher binding energy. This is indicative of oxide formation. The l.e.e.d data indicate the growth of orthorhombic PbO on both Pb(100) and Pb(110), the oxide being formed as four domains with dimensions very close to that of bulk PbO ortho , the essential difference being that the domains are not precisely rectangular (α = 89°). This structure does not change during oxide growth. A similar analysis accounts for the diffraction data observed with Pb(110). A nucleation model is pro¬posed to account for the particular growth behaviour observed. Water vapour does not interact with atomically clean Pb(110) surfaces at pressures up to 10 -3 Pa at 295 K. Hydrogen sulphide does not adsorb on Pb(100) at 295 K but prior oxidation of the surface results in facile dissociation of the molecule with subsequent surface sulphidation. We suggest that the activation energy for sulphidation is lowered due to the strong oxygen-hydrogen interaction; the oxygen is subsequently removed and desorbs as water. The sulphide structure is similar to that observed when the atomically clean Pb(100) surface is sulphided at 420 K. The particular orientation at which the two square domains grow, ±3.5° with respect to the [011] direction of the Pb(100) surface, is explained in terms of nucleation of the (100) plane of PbS at steps in the Pb(100) surface.

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Section: Extent Of Oxygen Uptakesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low energy electron diffraction and electron spectroscopic studies of the oxidation and sulphidation of Pb(100) and Pb(110) surfaces

Joyner

Kishi

Roberts

1978

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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“…The mass changes of the sample as a function of time were measured by Bradley [8] means vacuum balance. It is made up of silicon rod.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Itterbeck's studies [7] on the oxidation of 300 to 4000 0 A sputtered Pb-films at low temperatures of -75 0 C, -20 0 C and 23 0 C, revealed the curve to be parabolic up to 20 minutes and was followed by a linear change. Anderson and Tare [8] studied the oxidation of thin evaporated lead films in the temperature range of -180 0 C to 273 0 C and at 10 -2 to 10 -5 mm Hg oxygen pressure. At the higher temperatures the linear law was found for low pressures and the oxide formed was the orthorhombic variety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Oxidation of Lead

Tyagi¹

2018

IJRASET

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The oxidation of lead at various temperatures has been studied by many scientists. At low temperature oxidation of lead is much faster. At lower temperature oxidation follows parabolic law and at higher temperature the linear law was found for low pressure. A reddish brown oxide is formed on the surface of metal. Three successive parabolic forms were observed during oxidation of liquid lead. Oxidation was studied for four different temperatures in range of 227 0 C to 307°C.

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“…The purpose of this section is to cite some of the publications which are available and give a very brief summary of their findings which are relevant to tunnel junction fabrication. o Anderson and Tare (1964) prepared their 2500 A thick lead films by evaporation from a well outgassed 99.999% pure lead charge at the o relatively slow rate of about 250 A/min. Doses of oxygen were subsequently injected into the evaporating vessel and the initial uptake of the oxygen by the films was found to be very rapid, (complete in less than one minute).…”

Section: Oxide Growth On Lead Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Detection of Alpha Particles With Superconducting Tunnel Junctions

Wood¹,

White²

1973

Can. J. Phys.

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A superconducting thin film tunnel junction (Sn–SnO2–Sn) of total thickness 400 nm, area 7 × 10−4 cm2, and normal (4.2 K) resistance 77 m? was prepared on a glass substrate. When cooled to 1.2 K and suitably electrically and magnetically biased, the junction was bombarded with 5.1 MeV alpha particles. The resulting pulses induced in the tunnel current were observed to have amplitudes up to 19 times the r.m.s. output noise level. The possibility of utilizing this effect in charged particle spectrometry is explored.

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Reaction of Oxygen with Evaporated Films of Lead

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Low energy electron diffraction and electron spectroscopic studies of the oxidation and sulphidation of Pb(100) and Pb(110) surfaces

Low energy electron diffraction and electron spectroscopic studies of the oxidation and sulphidation of Pb(100) and Pb(110) surfaces

Kinetics of Oxidation of Lead

The Detection of Alpha Particles With Superconducting Tunnel Junctions

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