Reaction Time Indicators of Attention Deficits in Closed Head Injury

Zahn, Theodore P.; Mirsky, Allan F.

doi:10.1076/jcen.21.3.352.924

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Some investigators have suggested that TBI patients do not have specific attention deficits but that they have characteristically slower, less precise functioning of perceptual, motor and cognitive subroutines. There have been several lines of evidence identified that support the slowed processing hypothesis [6,19,[28][29][30]. It has also been shown that speed of information processing contributes to memory functioning (encoding), verbal comprehension and the capacity to cope with new situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Speed of information processing predicts future difficulties in daily activities and has implications for employment. The relevance of this factor in attentional models has also been established in other neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as developmental attentional disorders, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia [28,41,60,61]. From a cognitive point of view, there is still a lack of consensus as to which of the specific stages are impaired in TBI.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Attentional control and slowness of information processing after severe traumatic brain injury

2004

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Attention is a basic cognitive function and a prerequisite for other cognitive processes and is frequently impaired after traumatic brain injury. In the present study, 29 severe traumatic brain injury patients and 30 control subjects completed a battery of three neuropsychological tests of attention (WCST, TMT, Stroop). The aim was to clarify the attentional mechanisms underlying tests performance and to explore the types of attentional impairment after severe traumatic brain injury. Significant differences were found between the control and clinical groups in almost all measures. However, some of these differences disappeared when the speed of information processing was controlled using covariance analysis. In addition, a factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution explaining 89.6% of the variance in the data, i.e. cognitive flexibility, speed of processing, interference and working memory. This result supports the view of at least four different subprocesses of attentional control underlie test performance and allows one to differentiate between high- and low-level processes. The implications for neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 98%

Attentional control and slowness of information processing after severe traumatic brain injury

2004

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“…Slowing of information processing is a common cognitive deficit following traumatic brain injury (TBI; Madigan, DeLuca, Diamond, Tramontano, & Averill, 2000;Tromp & Mulder, 1991;Zahn & Mirsky, 1999). Since publication of the third edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III; Wechsler, 1997), the Processing Speed Index (PSI) has become a commonly used measure of central processing speed.…”

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confidence: 99%

WAIS-III Processing Speed Index Scores After TBI: The Influence of Working Memory, Psychomotor Speed and Perceptual Processing

Kennedy

Clement²,

Curtiss³

2003

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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This study investigates the extent to which working memory, motor speed and perceptual processing speed influence Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) Processing Speed Index (PSI) scores. Sixty-eight adult outpatients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) of varying severity and complete data on all outcome measures were identified. Two cases with outlying values on one outcome measure were omitted from the final sample. Working memory was measured by the Working Memory Index score from the WAIS-III. Motor speed was measured as score on the Halstead-Reitan Finger Oscillation Test (finger tapping) and perceptual processing as score on the Trail Making Test--Part B. In hierarchical multiple regression analyses, working memory accounted for 10% of the variance in PSI scores, whereas motor speed only accounted for 3%. An independent measure of perceptual processing, Trail Making Test--B, accounted for 26% of the variance in WAIS-III PSI scores. The total variance accounted for by the three factors was 56%. Findings confirm that the WAIS-III PSI scores of individuals who have received a TBI reflect perceptual processing speed, with an additional component attributable to working memory. Motor speed made only a small contribution to WAIS-III PSI scores in the present sample.

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“…1 Therefore, procedures which are designed to evaluate specific aspects of attention should be used. We studied visual distractibility by measuring unwanted saccades in the acute phase of MTHI.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intactness of inhibitory saccade mechanism in minor traumatic head injury

Crevits

Tummers²

2000

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Patients with traumatic brain injury often complain of impairments of attention and information processing in the absence of apparent neurological signs. We studied visual saccade distractibility in a group of patients within 24 hours after a minor traumatic head injury (MTHI). A dual-task paradigm was applied. The results did not demonstrate any evidence of saccade distractibility as a specific effect of MTHI. These findings suggest that saccade inhibitory processing deficits may not be involved in the attention difficulties in acute MTHI.

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Reaction Time Indicators of Attention Deficits in Closed Head Injury

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Attentional control and slowness of information processing after severe traumatic brain injury

Attentional control and slowness of information processing after severe traumatic brain injury

WAIS-III Processing Speed Index Scores After TBI: The Influence of Working Memory, Psychomotor Speed and Perceptual Processing

Intactness of inhibitory saccade mechanism in minor traumatic head injury

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