Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies

Kofler, Michael; Rapport, Mark D.; Sarver, Dustin E.; Raiker, Joseph S.; Orban, Sarah A.; Friedman, Lauren M.; Kolomeyer, Ellen

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.001

Cited by 554 publications

(689 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…These results are consistent with observations in individuals with ADHD who demonstrate high inter-individual reaction time variability, and in some studies, slower reaction time compared to controls without ADHD [87]. High reaction time variability is, moreover, a robust and highly consistent feature of ADHD, and may contribute to other symptoms such as poor sustained attention, behavioral inhibition, and working memory deficits [87]. Interestingly, these symptoms have been attributed to altered frontal cortex and DAT functioning [87,88], which also are observed in SHR [27,[89][90][91][92].…”

Section: Strain Differences In Strategy Set Shifting In Adolescencesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…High reaction time variability is, moreover, a robust and highly consistent feature of ADHD, and may contribute to other symptoms such as poor sustained attention, behavioral inhibition, and working memory deficits [87]. Interestingly, these symptoms have been attributed to altered frontal cortex and DAT functioning [87,88], which also are observed in SHR [27,[89][90][91][92].…”

Section: Strain Differences In Strategy Set Shifting In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent d -amphetamine treatment in a rodent model of ADHD: Pro-cognitive effects during adolescence and cocaine abuse risk during adulthood

Jordan

Taylor

Jeon

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Section: Strain Differences In Strategy Set Shifting In Adolescencesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Strain Differences In Strategy Set Shifting In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent d -amphetamine treatment in a rodent model of ADHD: Pro-cognitive effects during adolescence and cocaine abuse risk during adulthood

Jordan

Taylor

Jeon

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…2 Increased response time variability (RTV) is one of the most common characteristics of patients with ADHD. Response time variability is the moment-to-moment fluctuation of performance in neuropsychological response time experiments and has been found to be increased in patients with ADHD across a number of different experimental paradigms, including sustained attention, flanker interference and working memory tasks (for reviews see the studies by Tamm and colleagues 3 and Kofler and colleagues 4 ). Recent studies suggest that increased performance variability in patients with ADHD might be a neurocognitive marker and may serve as a potential endophenotype for this disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower white matter microstructure in the superior longitudinal fasciculus is associated with increased response time variability in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Wolfers

Onnink

Zwiers

et al. 2015

jpn

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IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a pervasive pattern of age-inappropriate inattentive behaviour and/or impulsiveness and hyperactivity. Although ADHD is often viewed as a childhood disorder, it also affects 2.5% of adults, 1 which has profound negative implications for the patients themselves, their social environment and society. The pathophysiology of ADHD is still poorly understood owing in part to its substantial clinical and etiological heterogeneity. Increased response time variability (RTV) is one of the most common characteristics of patients with ADHD. Response time variability is the moment-to-moment fluctuation of performance in neuropsychological response time experiments and has been found to be increased in patients with ADHD across a number of different experimental paradigms, including sustained attention, flanker interference and working memory tasks (for reviews see the studies by Tamm and colleagues 3 and Kofler and colleagues 4 ). Recent studies suggest that increased performance variability in patients with ADHD might be a neurocognitive marker and may serve as a potential endophenotype for this disorder. 5,6 In addition to capturing RTV through standard deviation (SD) of response time (RT), other quantitative measures of RTV have also been reported. The exponentially modified Gaussian (ex-Gaussian) method, for example, provides quantification of the shapes of Background: Response time variability (RTV) is consistently increased in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A right-hemispheric frontoparietal attention network model has been implicated in these patients. The 3 main connecting fibre tracts in this network, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and the cingulum bundle (CB), show microstructural abnormalities in patients with ADHD. We hypothesized that the microstructural integrity of the 3 white matter tracts of this network are associated with ADHD and RTV. Methods: We examined RTV in adults with ADHD by modelling the reaction time distribution as an exponentially modified Gaussian (ex-Gaussian) function with the parameters μ, σ and τ, the latter of which has been attributed to lapses of attention. We assessed adults with ADHD and healthy controls using a sustained attention task. Diffusion tensor imaging-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined to quantify bilateral microstructural integrity of the tracts of interest. Results: We included 100 adults with ADHD and 96 controls in our study. Increased τ was associated with ADHD diagnosis and was linked to symptoms of inattention. An inverse correlation of τ with mean FA was seen in the right SLF of patients with ADHD, but no direct association between the mean FA of the 6 regions of interest with ADHD could be observed. Limitations: Regions of interest were defined a priori based on the attentional network model for ADHD and thus we might have missed effects in other networks. Conclusion: This stud...

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“…Assim, esse resultado pode ser interpretado como um déficit no fator de estado "excitação" do Modelo Cognitivo Energético, que se refere à prontidão ou capacidade do indivíduo de manter-se alerta para responder aos estímulos (Huang-Pollock, Karalunas, Tam, & Moore, 2012). Entretanto, esse déficit não é especí-fico do TDAH, estando presente em outros transtornos psiquiátricos como transtornos do humor, de ansiedade, do espectro autista e disruptivos, bem como esquizofrenia e demência (Kofler et al, 2013;Tamm et al, 2012;Willcutt et al, 2008). As investigações em relação às bases neurológicas desse construto indicam um papel importante dos sistemas frontoestriatais (Kuntsi & Klein, 2012).…”

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Neuropsicologia do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade: Modelos Neuropsicológicos e Resultados de Estudos Empíricos

2016

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ResumoDiferentes modelos teóricos foram propostos para explicar os déficits neuropsicológicos e seu impacto no comportamento de indivíduos com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH). Os objetivos deste artigo serão apresentar os principais modelos neuropsicológicos do TDAH e possibilitar uma atualização acerca dos principais achados relacionados ao funcionamento neuropsicológico de pacientes com esse diagnóstico. Revisões e meta-análises sobre funcionamento executivo, aversão à resposta tardia, processamento temporal e variações intraindividuais no tempo de reação são apresentadas. O perfil neuropsicológico de pacientes com TDAH é heterogêneo e testes neuropsicológicos não são suficientemente sensíveis e especí-ficos para realização do diagnóstico, embora sejam muito importantes na identificação do perfil cognitivo para estabelecimento de um plano de tratamento mais abrangente e adequado às necessidades especificas de cada paciente. Palavras-chave: transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade, neuropsicologia, revisão de literatura Neuropsychology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Neuropsychological Models and Results of Empirical StudiesAbstrat Different theoretical models have been proposed to explain the neuropsychological deficits and their impact on the behavior of individuals with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aims of this article will be to present the main neuropsychological models of ADHD and an update on the main findings related to neuropsychological functioning of patients with this diagnosis. Reviews and meta-analyzes on executive functioning, delay aversion, temporal processing and intra-individual variability in reaction time are presented. The neuropsychological profile of patients with ADHD is heterogeneous and neuropsychological tests are not sufficiently sensitive and specific for correct diagnosis, although they are very important to identify the cognitive profile and establish a more comprehensive and appropriate treatment plan according to the characteristics of each patient. Keywords: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuropsychology, literature review Neuropsicología del Trastorno de Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad: Modelos Neuropsicológicos y Resultados de Estudios EmpíricosResumen Diferentes modelos teóricos han sido propuestos para explicar el déficit neuropsicológico y su impacto en el comportamiento de personas con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad (TDAH). Los objetivos de este artículo han sido presentar los principales modelos neuropsicológicos de TDAH y posibilitar una actualización sobre los principales resultados relacionados al funcionamiento neuropsicológico de pacientes con ese diagnóstico. Revisiones y meta-análisis sobre funcionamiento ejecutivo, aversión a la respuesta tardía, procesamiento temporal y variaciones interindividuales, en el tiempo de reacción se presentan. El perfil neuropsicológico de pacientes con TDAH es heterogéneo y los tests neuropsicológicos no son suficientemente sensibles...

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Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies

Cited by 554 publications

References 96 publications

Adolescent d -amphetamine treatment in a rodent model of ADHD: Pro-cognitive effects during adolescence and cocaine abuse risk during adulthood

Adolescent d -amphetamine treatment in a rodent model of ADHD: Pro-cognitive effects during adolescence and cocaine abuse risk during adulthood

Lower white matter microstructure in the superior longitudinal fasciculus is associated with increased response time variability in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Neuropsicologia do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade: Modelos Neuropsicológicos e Resultados de Estudos Empíricos

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