Reaction Times for Hand Movements Made in Response to Visual versus Vibratory Cues

Nelson, Randy J.; McCandlish, Carl A.; Douglas, V.D.

doi:10.3109/08990229009144712

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Reaction times obtained during this test are similar to those observed by Nelson et al (1990) and Rammsayer et al (1995), who obtained reaction times of 263 ms and 269 ms, respectively, in similar studies with normal subjects.…”

Section: Psychological Variablessupporting

confidence: 89%

A Controlled Daytime Challenge of Motor Performance and Vigilance in Sleep Bruxers

et al. 1999

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Many etiological factors have been suggested for sleep bruxism. Among these, elevated mental and physical alertness has been proposed to characterize sleep bruxers. The present study tests the hypothesis that, during the day-time, sleep bruxers are more vigilant and more prone to react to a motor command than are control subjects. Seven sleep bruxers, diagnosed polysomnographically according to validated research criteria, were matched for age and gender to seven control subjects. A simple reaction time task was selected to assess daytime vigilance and motor responsiveness. The following physiological measures were recorded: reaction time, error rate, electroencephalography, electrocardiography, electromyography, and video detection of body movements. Analysis of these variables showed no differences between groups. During the test, bruxers and controls showed a parallel decrease in EEG vigilance and heart rate over time. Frequency of orofacial and body movements was the same in both groups, and no clenching activity was observed during the experimental test. Subjects' visual analog scale ratings revealed that both controls and bruxers were more competitive after the test than before, and bruxers were slightly more anxious than controls before and after the test. Together, the results indicate that sleep bruxers are neither more vigilant nor more prone to react to a motor command during the daytime than are control subjects.

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Section: Psychological Variablessupporting

confidence: 89%

A Controlled Daytime Challenge of Motor Performance and Vigilance in Sleep Bruxers

et al. 1999

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“…Figure 5 is a summary of the stimulus-evoked EMG activation onset latencies for all 41 cortical site-muscle pairs in which stimulation produced opposing effects depending on the pre-stimulus EMG level. Ninety-six percent of the latencies are less than the expected minimum reaction time to a somatosensory stimulus (180 ms) (Nelson et al, 1990; Naito et al, 2000) suggesting that changes in voluntary effort do not contribute to the initial phase of the EMG response to stimulation and this is not a viable alternative explanation to hijacking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Onset latency was measured relative to the stimulus train onset. Minimum voluntary reaction time to a somatosensory stimulus is given as 180 ms (Nelson et al, 1990; Naito et al, 2000). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hijacking Cortical Motor Output with Repetitive Microstimulation

Griffin¹,

Hudson²,

Belhaj-Saïf³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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High frequency repetitive microstimulation has been widely used as a method of investigating the properties of cortical motor output. Despite its widespread use, few studies have investigated how activity evoked by high frequency stimulation may interact with the existing activity of cortical cells resulting from natural synaptic inputs. A reasonable assumption might be that the stimulus-evoked activity sums with the existing natural activity. However, another possibility is that the stimulus-evoked firing of cortical neurons might block and replace the natural activity. We refer to this latter possibility as “neural hijacking.” Evidence from analysis of EMG activity evoked by repetitive microstimulation (200 Hz, 500 ms) of primary motor cortex in two rhesus monkeys during performance of a reach-to-grasp task strongly supports the neural hijacking hypothesis.

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“…In all analyses we focus on effects observed between 25 and 150 ms from the onset of stimulation, a duration in which we expected EMG responses to be relatively unaffected by voluntary reactions to ICMS (Nelson et al, 1990). The kinematic data from monkey G2 illustrate the pattern of movements noted for both animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstimulation Activates a Handful of Muscle Synergies

Overduin

d’Avella

Carmena

et al. 2012

Neuron

262

239

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SUMMARY Muscle synergies have been proposed as a mechanism to simplify movement control. Whether these coactivation patterns have any physiological reality within the nervous system remains unknown. Here we applied electrical microstimulation to motor cortical areas of rhesus macaques to evoke hand movements. Movements tended to converge towards particular postures, driven by synchronous bursts of muscle activity. Across stimulation sites, the muscle activations were reducible to linear sums of a few basic patterns—each corresponding to a muscle synergy evident in voluntary reach, grasp, and transport movements made by the animal. These synergies were represented non-uniformly over the cortical surface. We argue that the brain exploits these properties of synergies—postural equivalence, low dimensionality, and topographical representation—to simplify motor planning, even for complex hand movements.

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Reaction Times for Hand Movements Made in Response to Visual versus Vibratory Cues

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

A Controlled Daytime Challenge of Motor Performance and Vigilance in Sleep Bruxers

A Controlled Daytime Challenge of Motor Performance and Vigilance in Sleep Bruxers

Hijacking Cortical Motor Output with Repetitive Microstimulation

Microstimulation Activates a Handful of Muscle Synergies

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