Reaction times reveal the contribution of the different receptor components in luminance perception

Pins, Delphine; Brunet, Claude

doi:10.3758/bf03210793

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Complementarily, the fit of two functions was evaluated in calculating the sum of the squared residuals between the observed logit(p) and its theoretical value. This statistic (Id 2 ), which is more sensitive than the correlation coefficient, was minimal for the best fit of the two functions (e.g., Pins & Bonnet, 1997). The results are shown in Figure 1B.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Finally, to test the reliability ofthe present results in the upper range of intensities, we compared them with those obtained in a similar range in a previous experiment (Pins & Bonnet, 1997). The comparison is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Experiments 2 Choice Reaction Times In the Threshold Regionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In order to compare the fit of a single function with the fit of two functions, we calculated the sum of the squared residuals of the observed RT and the function (Id 2 ) and used it as the criterion for the goodness offit (e.g., Pins & Bonnet, 1997). For the single func- …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this experiment, luminance levels covered the scotopic range, from a value just inferior to threshold to the beginning of the mesopic range (e.g., Pins & Bonnet, 1997). The target was presented in a spatial two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) paradigm.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Determining the Threshold Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Piéron function in the threshold region

Pins

Brunet

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

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The Pieron function (Pieron, 1914(Pieron, , 1920(Pieron, , 1952 describes the decay of reaction time (RT) when the intensity of the stimulus is increased. It is generally demonstrated within a suprathreshold range of intensities. However, in some studies, for the lowest range of intensities, the exponent of the function is clearly greater than that for the upper ranges of intensities. Such an increase in the exponent for the lowest intensities is assumed to result from a combined effect of stimulus intensity and of stirnulis uncertainty in detection. Our first experiment used luminance levels that covered all the scotopic range and a spatial two-alternative forced-choice task in which both accuracy and RT were measured. It demonstrated a drastic increase in the exponent in the Pieron function when the intensities reached the threshold region. Since the estimates of the threshold region may have been biased by the use of a much larger range of luminances, a second experiment was conducted using luminances that covered only the threshold region. This experiment confirmed the previous estimates for the threshold region.where RT is SRT, to is the asymptotic RT reached at the highest stimulus intensities, {3 is a free parameter, I is the inThe authors thank 1. C. Baird and L. Allan. as well as, an anonymous reviewer for their helpful suggestions and comments on a previous version of this paper. Correspondence should be addressed to D. Pins,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Experiments 2 Choice Reaction Times In the Threshold Regionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 1 Determining the Threshold Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Piéron function in the threshold region

Pins

Brunet

2000

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Isso pode acontecer, por exemplo, quando o alvo visual ocorre em diferentes excentricidades ou quando o tempo de duração da apresentação do alvo é ampliado ou reduzido, refletindo processos relacionados à organização anátomo-funcional do sistema visual, como descrito anteriormente. Tal relação tem sido descrita em muitos trabalhos que investigam a influência, sobre o TR, de fatores tais como a intensidade (Cattel, 1886;Froeberg, 1907;Piéron, 1920Piéron, , 1952Rains, 1963;Pins & Bonnet, 1997), o tamanho (Osaka, 1976;Bonnet, Gurlekian, & Harris, 1992) e a localização de estímulos no campo visual (Osaka, 1982;Mancebo-Azor, Saez-Moreno, Dominguez-Hidalgo, Luna--Del Castillo, & Rodriguez-Ferrer, 2009;Carrasco, Evert, Chang, & Katz, 1995, Carrasco, Giordano, & McElree, 2006, além da participação de mecanismos atencionais (Posner, 1978;Tassinari & Berlucchi, 1995;Palmer, 1999;Liu, Stevens, & Carrasco, 2007).…”

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Componentes sensoriais e atencionais do tempo de reação: efeitos do tamanho, excentricidade e previsibilidade de estímulos visuais

Carreiro

Haddad

Baldo

2012

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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RESUMO -A percepção visual depende do arcabouço sensorial e do processamento atencional. Este trabalho estudou o efeito, sobre o tempo de reação manual (TR), do tamanho, excentricidade e previsibilidade de estímulos visuais. No experimento 1 (n=8), um alvo foi apresentado aleatoriamente em uma de quatro excentricidades diferentes, possuindo três possíveis tamanhos. O experimento 2 (n=12) apresentava configuração similar, porém uma pista indicava o quadrante de maior probabilidade (70%) de apresentação do alvo. Os resultados mostraram um aumento do TR em função da excentricidade do alvo, além de uma diminuição do TR com o aumento do tamanho do alvo e indicação correta da pista. Uma análise das interações sugere uma superposição de mecanismos atencionais e puramente sensoriais compartilhando um estágio comum do processamento visual. ABSTRACT -Visual perception depends on the sensory framework and on attentional processing. This study examined the effects of the size, eccentricity and predictability of a visual stimulus on manual reaction time (RT). In experiment 1 (n=8), a target was presented randomly in one of four different eccentricities, with three possible sizes. Experiment 2 (n=12) had a similar configuration but a cue indicated the higher predictability (70%) of target presentation quadrant. The results showed an increase in RT as a function of target eccentricity, and a decrease in RT with increasing target size or accuracy of the cue. An analysis of interaction effects suggests an overlay of attentional and purely sensory mechanisms sharing common stages of visual processing. O processamento ativo das informações sensoriais permite a interação eficiente dos organismos com o meio e consequentemente sua atuação mais adaptativa. De acordo com Helmholtz (1867) a percepção visual pode ser compreendida como um processo de inferência da mais provável situação ambiental, dado um padrão de estimulação. Esse processamento depende tanto do arcabouço sensorial quando de fatores atencionais. O arcabouço sensorial é necessário para que os estímulos ambientais sejam eficientemente captados e processados pelo sistema nervoso. Já a atenção, possibilita a seleção de determinados estímulos para que estes possam ser melhor processados, impedindo processamentos desnecessários pelo sistema nervoso (Steinman & Steinman, 1998). Tal processo de seleção ou filtragem é denominado de atenção seletiva (Desimone & Duncan, 1995). Knudsen (2007) descreve também a correlação da atenção com outros processos cognitivos (como memória operacional, o controle descendente (top-down) da sensibilidade, o processamento automático ascendente (bottom-up) de filtragem de estí-mulos) que, de modo integrado, possibilitam a seleção de informações do ambiente. Palavras KeywordsDesde o final do século XIX (James, 1890), a psicologia experimental tem estudado os fenômenos atencionais, demonstrando a possibilidade de orientação da atenção visual sem movimento dos olhos, ou seja, sem que se direcione a fóvea para sua posição (para uma revisão, ver Carrasco...

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Assessing the effects of physical and perceived luminance contrast on RT and TMS-induced percepts

2015

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Simple reaction times (RTs) are inversely related to the luminance of a visual region, with RT increasing as luminance decreases, and decreasing as luminance increases. A potential discrepancy in the link between luminance and RT, however, stems from the perception of luminance itself. Here, we tested whether RT is modulated by a measureable amount of light (luminance) or perceptual amount of light (brightness), as two test regions having the same luminance can be perceived as having different brightness. The current study investigates the effects of brightness using probes and artificial percepts, i.e., transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced light and dark percepts. In Experiment 1, participants performed a RT task to light and dark probes presented over two backgrounds, one exhibiting a physical luminance and the other exhibiting perceptual brightness. Experiment 2 tested whether perceptual brightness could influence RT and frequency of artificial percepts. We found that while brightness contrast modulated RT to the dark probes, the frequency of artificial percepts was susceptible to both physical and perceived changes in luminance. These data suggest that some behavioral responses can be influenced by an illusion of brightness, wherein there is no actual change in luminance, as well as the perception of TMS-induced percepts.

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Reaction times reveal the contribution of the different receptor components in luminance perception

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

The Piéron function in the threshold region

The Piéron function in the threshold region

Componentes sensoriais e atencionais do tempo de reação: efeitos do tamanho, excentricidade e previsibilidade de estímulos visuais

Assessing the effects of physical and perceived luminance contrast on RT and TMS-induced percepts

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