Reactions and Mechanism of the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Alloyed Copper-Silver Electrodes

Electrochemical Reduction of CO at a Copper Electrode

“…CO 2 is electrochemically reduced to CO, formic acid, and hydrocarbons on metal electrodes. , Copper electrode uniquely reduces CO 2 to methane, ethylene, and alcohols at high current densities in aqueous electrolytes, − as confirmed by many workers. − This reaction is of great interest from the viewpoint of environment, energy, and natural resources, since this reaction may be applied to load-leveling technology as a novel energy storage process in which electrical energy is converted to chemical energy and vice versa . Three major problems are pointed out for this process; high overpotential, low product selectivity, and transport problems .…”

Rational design of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction for a zero-carbon network

“…In the next century, the work on ECO 2 RR mainly focused on metal electrodes such as Zn, In, and Hg, which always converted CO 2 to formic acid. 7,8 Gratifyingly, Hori and co-workers found in 1986 that metallic copper can convert CO 2 to hydrocarbons (CH 4 , C 2 H 4 ). 8 Cu and the derived catalysts have become the most studied materials for ECO 2 RR, which was the only one to get hydrocarbon products with high yields.…”

“…During this period, a CuAg bimetal catalyst with nearly 2 : 3 atomic ratio was found to favor ethylene formation than methane. 7 To expand the atomic utilization, a single-site Fe-N-C catalyst was reported to be active and highly selective for ECO 2 RR to CO in 2015; the strong interaction between metal sites and the CO molecule enables the formation of CO. 9 Partially oxidized atomic cobalt catalysts were synthesized for carbon dioxide electroreduction to liquid formic acid fuel at low overpotentials. 10 Up to now, many catalysts with a fine electronic structure and atomic coordination have been reported for highly efficient ECO 2 RR, such as molecular catalysts, grain catalysts and electro-redeposited catalysts.…”

Nickel–Gallium-Catalyzed Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Highly Reduced Products at Low Overpotentials

“…Theoretical and experimental ,− investigations have recently focused on the development of new or improved electrocatalysts for CO 2 (or CO) reduction based on the use of metal alloys. Much of the experimental work has focused on improving the selectivity and/or overpotential of Cu by forming alloys of Cu with other metals. ,− Non-copper-containing alloys such as AuPd or PdPt have been used to study the effects of composition on reactivity.…”

“…Theoretical and experimental ,− investigations have recently focused on the development of new or improved electrocatalysts for CO 2 (or CO) reduction based on the use of metal alloys. Much of the experimental work has focused on improving the selectivity and/or overpotential of Cu by forming alloys of Cu with other metals. ,− Non-copper-containing alloys such as AuPd or PdPt have been used to study the effects of composition on reactivity. Other noncopper-containing catalysts such as the III–V semiconductors GaP, GaAs, and InP have been reported to produce CH 3 OH, − although the products, yields, and reproducibility of these reports have not been well established. , Modified carbon supports such as metal-doped nitrogenated carbon, or nitrogen-doped nanodiamond, as well as modified gold electrodes with self-assembled monolayers have also been shown to provide copper-free materials that can produce highly reduced products at a range of efficiencies and overpotentials.…”