Reactions between fulvic acid, a soil humic material, and dialkyl phthalates

Matsuda, Keiichiro; Schnitzer, M.

doi:10.1007/bf01539927

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Dimethylphthalate (DMP) and diethylphthalate (DEP) are more present in ambient air and water as a result of high vapor pressure and high solubility in water. Dibutylphthalate (DBP) is moderately adsorbed to soil [22][23][24], but forms complexes with water-soluble fulvic acids that might increase its mobilization and reactivity in soil to some degree [25]. A similar effect can be observed with diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) that has a strong tendency to be adsorbed by soil however, this effect can be less pronounced in the presence of fulvic acids.…”

Section: Environmental Fate and Distribution Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and air/sea-exchange of novel organic pollutants in the marine environment

Ebinghaus¹,

Xie²

2006

J. Phys. IV France

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Abstract.A number of studies have demonstrated that several classes of chemicals act as biologically relevant signalling substances.Among these chemicals, many, including PCBs, DDT and dioxins, are semi-volatile, persistent, and are capable of long-range atmospheric transport via atmospheric circulation. Some of these compounds, e.g. phthalates and alkylphenols (APs) are still manufactured and consumed worldwide even though there is clear evidence that they are toxic to aquatic organisms and can act as endocrine disruptors.Concentrations of NP, t-OP and NP1EO, DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP have been simultaneously determined in the surface sea water and atmosphere of the North Sea. Atmospheric concentrations of NP and t-OP ranged from 7 to 110 pg m −3 , which were one to three orders of magnitude below coastal atmospheric concentrations already reported. NP1EO was detected in both vapor and particle phases, which ranged from 4 to 50 pg m −3 . The concentrations of the phthalates in the atmosphere ranged from below the method detection limit to 3.4 ng m −3 . The concentrations of t-OP, NP, and NP1EO in dissolved phase were 13-300, 90-1400, and 17-1660 pg L −1 . DBP, BBP, and DEHP were determined in the water phase with concentrations ranging from below the method detection limit to 6.6 ng L −1 . This study indicates that atmospheric deposition of APs and phthalates into the North Sea is an important input pathway. The net fluxes indicate that the air-sea exchange is significant and, consequently the open ocean and polar areas will be an extensive sink for APs and phthalates.

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Section: Environmental Fate and Distribution Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and air/sea-exchange of novel organic pollutants in the marine environment

Ebinghaus¹,

Xie²

2006

J. Phys. IV France

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“…Early studies showed natural marine DOM could apparently increase the solubility of n-alkanes and isoprenoid hydrocarbons in seawater (Boehm and Quinn, 1973), and that dissolved humic substances solubilized phthalate esters and DDT (Matsuda and Schnitzer, 1971;Wershaw et al, 1969). It has been only in the last few years that quantitative experimental studies of HOC-organic colloid sorption have been reported (Means and Wijayaratne, 1982;Carter and Suffet, 1982).…”

Section: Sorption Of Hoc With Colloidal Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have shown that the effect of organic colloids on the speciation of HOC increases with hydrophobicity of the solute (Matsuda and SchnitZer, 1971;Boucher and Lee, 1972;Boehm and Quinn, 1976;Carter and Suffet, 1983;Wijayaratne and Means, 1984b). In partitioning experiments performed with the same technique and source of colloidal organic matter, log Ko,, is correlated with log Kow (Carter et al, 1983;Landrum et al, 1984;Wijayaratne and Means, 1984b;McCarthy and Jimenez, 1985).…”

Section: Sorption Of Hoc With Colloidal Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not known how good a model soil humic acid is for marine or freshwater colloidal organic matter. Several studies have shown that the sorption of HOC to natural colloidal organic matter or total dissolved organic matter also tends to increase with Kow (Carter and Suffet, 1983;Landrum et al, 1984;Wijayaratne and Means, 1984b;Chiou et al, 1986) and that the role of colloidal organic matter on the speciation of HOC increases with hydrophobicity (Matsuda and Schnitzer, 1971;Boucher and Lee, 1972;Boehm and Quinn, 1976).…”

Section: Partitioning Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of colloidal organic matter in the marine geochemistry of PCBs

Brownawell¹

1986

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WITHDRAWN AD -sT~i~Bñ~c i~tZ4-2-ABSTRACT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used as model hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) to study physical-chemical processes which affect the speciation and fate of HOC in coastal environments. The focus of this study is on the sorption of PCBs with colloidal organic matter in seawater, and the influence of this process on the distribution of PCBs in coastal sediments. Laboratory and field experiments were used to make quantitative estimates of PCB-organic matter sorption, and to test predictions of three-phase equilibrium models.A static headspace partitioning method was developed to measure the sorption of several individual chlorobiphenyls with colloidal organic matter enriched from coastal seawater by hollow fiber ultrafiltration. This technique directly measured the dissolved phase fugacity of PCBs in experimental bottles, and avoided uncertain separation techniques often used in isolating various chemical phases. Colloidal organic carbon normalized partition coefficients (Koc) were determined from linear sorption isotherms, and increased from 1.9 x 10' (L/Kg) for 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl to 3.5 x 10 s for 2,2',3,4,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl. Sorption tended to increase with increasing octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) of the sorbate, and values of Koc were within a range of those reported in other experimental sorption studies with sediments and dissolved humic substances. Experimental partitioning results support the hypothesis that HOC-organic colloid sorption is similar to HOC sorption by sediment organic matter.PCBs were measured in the interstitial waters and sediments of three box cores obtained from New Bedford Harbor and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. The three sites studied had a wide range of sediment PCB concentrations, and reducing conditions provided environments containing high concentrations of colloidal organic matter. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total sediment organic carbon (TOC) were measured in two cores to test the role of organic matter on the observed partitioning of PCBs. PCB concentrations, particularly those of less soluble chlorobiphenyls, were highly elevated in interstitial waters compared to water column concentrations at all three sites. The measured apparent distribution coefficients (K'd) of individual chlorobiphenyls did not increase with hydrophobicity (Kow) and indicate that a large fraction of PCBs in interstitial waters must be sorbed to organic colloids. A three-phase equilibrium sorption model, in which dissolved PCBs are in a dynamic equilibrium with colloidal and sediment organic matter, accounts for many aspects of the field data. There is good agreement of observed partitioning at New Bedford Station 67 and Buzzards Bay Station M with model calculations based on predictions derived from laboratory experiments of HOC sorption with sediments and organic colloids, but model calculations underpredict K'd at Station 84 in New Bedford Harbor.-3-The sediment-interstitial water results were contrasted with a study of PCB pa...

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“…Humic substances of soils and sediments are growth promoting agents for marine algae (Prakash and Rashid, 1968;Prakash et al, 1973) and terrestrial plants (Schnitzer and Poapst, 1967), chelators of metals (Koshy and Ganguly, 1969;Manning and Ramamoorthy, 1973;Martin et al, 1971;Rashid and Leonard, 1973), and solubilizing agents for hydrophobic substances in aqueous solution (Matsuda and Schnitzer, 1971;Boehm and Quinn, 1973). Humic substances may be precursors of kerogen in sediments (Degens et al, 1964;Brown et al, 1972;Huc and Durand, 1974).…”

Section: -Soil and Sedimentary Humic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characterization of humic substances in seawater

Stuermer¹

1975

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Reactions between fulvic acid, a soil humic material, and dialkyl phthalates

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

Occurrence and air/sea-exchange of novel organic pollutants in the marine environment

Occurrence and air/sea-exchange of novel organic pollutants in the marine environment

The role of colloidal organic matter in the marine geochemistry of PCBs

The characterization of humic substances in seawater

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