Reactions of fulvic acid with metal ions

Schnitzer, M.; Kerndorff, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00285536

Cited by 98 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Pb deposition in the southern parts of Norway, however, has been greatly reduced over the last 20 years (Steinnes, 2001). Due to strong complexation of Pb to organic material (Kerndorff and Schnitzer, 1980;Schnitzer and Kerndorff, 1981) pronounced effects of liming or fertilization are not to be expected, and this is in accordance with most of the soil data in Table 5. In a laboratory microcosmos liming did not reduce the solubility, mobility or bioavailability of Pb in boreal forest soil (Turpeinen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Trace Elements In Soilsupporting

confidence: 79%

Influence of liming and vitality fertilization on trace element concentrations in Scots pine forest soil and plants

Grønflaten

Amundsen

Frank

et al. 2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Trace Elements In Soilsupporting

confidence: 79%

Influence of liming and vitality fertilization on trace element concentrations in Scots pine forest soil and plants

Grønflaten

Amundsen

Frank

et al. 2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…The Pb content of both field soils is reported to be: onion, 1.58 + 0.007 mg kg À 1 ; carrot, 1.42 + 0.003 mg kg À 1 . From the results (see Table 1) it can be concluded that Pb is mainly found as carbonate bound, organic bound and as oxides of Fe -Mn, which is in agreement with the results of the previous studies (Rifaldi et al, 1976;Thoronton and Webb, 1975;Schnitzer and Kerndorff, 1981). The characteristic localization of Pb near soil surface in most soil profiles is primarily related to the accumulation of organic matter.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Quantitative speciation of heavy metals in soil and crops of agricultural fields of Islamabad, Pakistan

Rafique

Kaukab

Iqbal

2011

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Two root crops: carrot (Daucus carota) and spring onion (Allium fistulosum) and soil samples were selected from the agricultural fields located near Islamabad, Pakistan to determine their elemental content. Field soil speciation of the two crops was also carried out to analyse the correlation of the elements in field crop and soil. Concentrations of selected elements were evaluated in the leaf, stem, root and flowering part of the crops using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that elements are mostly concentrated in soil rather than crop parts following the sequence Zn4Cu4Pb4Ni4Cr4Cd. Furthermore, soil speciation showed that Ni and Cr are more prevalent in the Fe -Mn oxide fraction, Zn and Cd as the carbonate bound fraction and Cu is found in the organic bound form. However, concentrations of Pb are similar across the carbonate, Fe -Mn oxide and organic bound fractions. The highest average concentration of Zn is found as the carbonate bound fraction (2.09 AE 0.005 mg kg À 1 ) and Cu as the organic bound (1.51 AE 0.029 mg kg À 1 ) in soil samples taken from the agricultural field of Daucus carota.

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“…However, in our study, ultrastructural changes that appeared in the Altreated cells at alkaline pH (8.2±0.1) can be attributed to toxic effects of Al at the subcellular level. This can be explained by the high affinity of Al for being bound to organic acids and hydroxy and carboxyl groups present in the structure of the cell membrane [39]. These groups are able to mobilize free Al from Al-hydroxo complexes; hence, they are able to enhance the intracellular uptake of Al.…”

Section: Toxicity Of the Metals At The Subcellular Levelmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure of Dunaliella tertiolecta to Lead and Aluminum: Toxicity and Effects on Ultrastructure

Saçan

Öztay

Bolkent

2007

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The growth response of the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta to different concentrations of lead and aluminum was investigated. Both metals had a stimulatory effect at low concentration and an inhibitory effect at high concentration (hormesis). The IC25 values of lead are 8.43, 7.29, and 6.74 mg L-1 for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The corresponding values for aluminum are 30.54, 22.42, and 18.16 mg L-1. Although it seems that the two metals are not directly toxic to the alga at the concentrations found in the environment, as implied by the IC25 values and the environmental concentrations of the metals, low concentrations of both metals, alone and in combination, affected the ultrastructure. The growth of batch-grown cells exposed to 0.5 mg L-1 lead and aluminum, alone and combined, during the 24-h exponential phase was investigated. The same cells were also examined under an electron microscope to determine the biological effects of the two metals on the ultrastructure. The most obvious effects of lead were disrupted thylakoidal membranes, accumulated polyphosphate bodies and vacuoles, and lead precipitates on the cell surface. These ultrastructural alterations were partially present in aluminum-treated and lead-aluminum-treated cells. In joint exposure, the most important change was the lysis of the cell membrane. Aluminum and lead seem to act synergistically on the cell membrane leading to cell membrane lysis.

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Reactions of fulvic acid with metal ions

Cited by 98 publications

References 3 publications

Influence of liming and vitality fertilization on trace element concentrations in Scots pine forest soil and plants

Influence of liming and vitality fertilization on trace element concentrations in Scots pine forest soil and plants

Quantitative speciation of heavy metals in soil and crops of agricultural fields of Islamabad, Pakistan

Exposure of Dunaliella tertiolecta to Lead and Aluminum: Toxicity and Effects on Ultrastructure

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