Reactions of green lizards (Lacerta viridis) to major repellent compounds secreted by Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Gregorovičová, Martina; Černíková, Alena

doi:10.1016/j.zool.2015.02.001

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In some studies, mealworm larvae were fed to reptiles, mammals and arthropods, including Shangcheng stout salamanders [141], bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) [144], green lizards (Lacerta viridis) [142], leopard geckos (Eublepharis maculaius) [143], golden hamsters [69], bats [64,73,147,148], and spiders [150]. Mealworms were also administered to passerine birds [146,149], barbary partridges [62], tit birds [145], European robins (Erithacus rubecula), great tits (Parus major), European black birds (Turdus merula) [152], Japanese quails [65], European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) [153][154][155][156][157][158], red-billed choughs [151], house sparrows [70][71][72] and pheasants [66].…”

Section: Mealworm As Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Yellow Mealworm Become a Source of Safe Proteins for Europe?

et al. 2020

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Continued population growth could lead to protein deficiency in the human diet. To counteract this risk, attempts are being made to identify new edible sources of protein. The aim of this paper was to review the existing literature and to analyse the current state of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) rearing for food and feed, especially in Europe. The yellow mealworm is the most widely bred and traded insect species in Europe that has high feed conversion ratio; 3.4 to 6.1 kg of feed ingested per kg of harvested larvae. Mealworms could compete with livestock due to their high protein and fat content and low environmental impact. Mealworms have been extensively researched as a source of feed for animals, including poultry, fish, pets and birds. Its nutrient content depends on the processing method, where thermal processing is least desirable. Mealworms are characterised by a high and variable microbial load which has to be reduced before consumption. The antibiotics, pesticides and other substances should also be analysed to ensure that mealworms are a safe protein source for human consumption. The nutritional benefits of mealworms have to be communicated to European consumers who are generally averse to eating insects.

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Section: Mealworm As Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Yellow Mealworm Become a Source of Safe Proteins for Europe?

et al. 2020

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“…This would prevent mantises from suffering the consequences of a direct contact with the defensive substance of G. lineatum . In fact, G. lineatum is known to induce aversive reactions in predators (birds Hotová Svádová et al, 2010, 2013; lizards Gregorovičová & Černíková, 2015, 2016) and can spray their defensive secretion (Gregorovičová & Černíková, 2016; Hotová Svádová et al, 2013). Although we failed to notice this defensive behavior, it is possible that G. lineatum released defensive volatiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aversive reactions of two invertebrate predators to European red–black insects

Segovia

Pekár

2022

Ethology

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Prey species gain protection by imitating signals of unpalatable models in defensive mimicry. Mimics have been traditionally classified as Batesian (palatable mimic resembling an unpalatable model) or Müllerian (unpalatable mimic resembling a similarly unpalatable model). However, recent studies suggest that rather than discrete categories, the phenomenon of mimicry can be better understood as a continuum. The level of unpalatability of defended prey is a key factor in determining the type of mimetic relationship. Herein, we used insects (ladybugs and true bugs) from a putative European “red–black” mimetic complex as experimental models of defended species and crickets as a control prey. We offered the prey to two species of sympatric invertebrate predators (praying mantis and spider) and video recorded the interactions. We tested three alternative hypotheses, namely (i) the three red–black species tested are similarly defended against both predators; (ii) some red–black species are better defended than others against both predator species, and (iii) the effectiveness of the red–black species defenses is predator dependent. Both predators attacked all prey types with a similar frequency. But while all three red–black species similarly elicited aversive behaviors in spiders, the mantises' aversive reactions varied depending on the prey species. Our results provide support to the third hypothesis, suggesting that the same prey species can fall into different parts of the spectrum of palatability–unpalatability depending on the type of predator.

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“…Changes in dispersal behaviour were also noted when adults were exposed to the natural blend of defensive compounds as well as to (E)‐ 2‐decenal. Although tridecane and (E)‐ 2‐alkenals have known anti‐predator properties amongst pentatomids (Eliyahu et al., 2012; Gregorovičová & Černíková, 2015; Krall et al., 1999; Waterhouse et al., 1961; Zhong et al., 2017), the changes in dispersal behaviours exhibited by H. halys exposed to defensive compounds in our study suggest a secondary function which includes increased dispersal away from a potential threat (Aldrich, 1988; Kou et al., 1989). A previous study (Chambers et al., 2019) found that adult H. halys avoided fresh conspecific corpses but had no reaction to desiccated corpses, likely due to the remnant odours from the metathoracic glands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, components of the defensive odour released by H . halys , tridecane and (E)‐ 2‐alkenal, have been shown to have anti‐predator properties among pentatomids, thereby acting as defensive compounds (Eliyahu et al., 2012; Gregorovičová & Černíková, 2015; Krall et al., 1999; Waterhouse et al., 1961; Zhong et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural responses of diapausing Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to conspecific volatile organic compounds

Nixon

Morrison

Rice

et al. 2021

J Applied Entomology

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The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive pest in America, Europe and Asia and causes serious economic loss to crops, and nuisance problems during overwintering. Uninvaded southern hemisphere countries, such as New Zealand and Australia, see an increase in H. halys border interceptions during the northern hemisphere populations’ overwintering period as large aggregations of H. halys can settle to diapause in items for export, e.g. vehicles, containers, etc. Here, we explored aspects of diapausing H. halys behaviour relative to release and perception of defensive odour compounds. First, to determine whether group size and agitation affect the release of defensive odours, diapausing H. halys were confined in glass tubes as individuals or in varying group sizes and mechanically agitated or remained stationary and the presence or absence of defensive odours was recorded. Using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, we also established if exposure to individual defensive odour components (tridecane, (E)‐2‐decenal, 4‐oxo‐(E)‐2‐hexenal, and dodecane) induced individuals to release defensive compounds. Additionally, H. halys dispersal was measured in the laboratory following exposure to individual components of their defensive odour or their natural blend. We found that agitating individual bugs did not induce the release of defensive odours. The release of human‐detectable odours was only found in groups of mechanically agitated H. halys, whereas non‐agitated bugs did not emit odour. Exposure to 4‐oxo‐(E)‐2‐hexenal was the only odour component that resulted in individual H. halys releasing defensive compounds. Diapausing H. halys exposure to the natural blend of defensive compounds resulted in increased horizontal distance moved and velocity, while tridecane exposure increased distance moved, velocity and angular velocity, and (E)‐2‐decenal exposure increased distance moved. Our behavioural and chemical data suggest that defensive compounds released by diapausing H. halys act as an alarm pheromone, particularly when adults are in aggregations.

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Reactions of green lizards (Lacerta viridis) to major repellent compounds secreted by Graphosoma lineatum (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Will Yellow Mealworm Become a Source of Safe Proteins for Europe?

Will Yellow Mealworm Become a Source of Safe Proteins for Europe?

Aversive reactions of two invertebrate predators to European red–black insects

Behavioural responses of diapausing Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to conspecific volatile organic compounds

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