Encyclopedia of Radicals in Chemistry, Biology and Materials 2012
DOI: 10.1002/9781119953678.rad040
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Reactions of Small Reactive Species withDNA

Abstract: Chronic inflammation caused by diverse chemical, physical, and infectious factors increases the risk of malignant cell transformations and the progression of human cancers. The enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) generated during the inflammatory response gives rise to the formation of genotoxic DNA lesions. The accumulation of oxidatively generated DNA lesions enhances the mutagenic burden of the cells, which can lead to cancer. A primary target of ROS and R… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…A positive correlation between the increase in the iNOS expression levels and the accumulation of DNA damage has been reported [ 50 , 56 , 57 ]. It is well known that iNOS protein is responsible for the production of cellular nitric oxide (NO • ), which, reacting with superoxide radical anion (O 2 •– ), forms peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) (see Appendix A Figure A2 ) [ 28 ]. ONOO − is able to directly generate 8-oxo-Pu lesions, or, associated with its protonated form, decomposes spontaneously forming HO • and • NO 2 radicals.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…A positive correlation between the increase in the iNOS expression levels and the accumulation of DNA damage has been reported [ 50 , 56 , 57 ]. It is well known that iNOS protein is responsible for the production of cellular nitric oxide (NO • ), which, reacting with superoxide radical anion (O 2 •– ), forms peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) (see Appendix A Figure A2 ) [ 28 ]. ONOO − is able to directly generate 8-oxo-Pu lesions, or, associated with its protonated form, decomposes spontaneously forming HO • and • NO 2 radicals.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among ROS, the hydroxyl radical (HO • ) is the most reactive species (cf. Appendix A Figure A2 ) [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Purine 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxynucleosides (short name: 5′,8-cyclopurine; acronym: cPu) are well recognized products of nucleic acid damage [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The overproduction of ROS/RNS has been linked with the etiology of many diseases. The main processes that generate HO • radicals are depicted in reactions (1)–(3): the Fenton reaction of H 2 O 2 , the reduction of HOCl by the superoxide radical anion, and the spontaneous decomposition of protonated ONOO – , respectively [2,3]. H 2 O 2 + Fe 2+ → Fe 3+ + HO − + HO • HOCl + O 2 •− → O 2 + Cl − + HO • ONOO − + H + ⇆ ONOOH → • NO 2 + HO • …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hydroxyl radical (HO ) is a potent oxidant that reacts at near diffusion-limited rates with most biomolecules, including nucleic acids [1]. This radical is produced in biological systems through oxygen metabolism; however, several well-recognized exogenous factors, e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This radical is produced in biological systems through oxygen metabolism; however, several well-recognized exogenous factors, e.g. exposure to ionizing radiation or redox metal ion overload, are known to produce HO and related reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1]. With regard to DNA chemical reactivity, diffusible HO are known to either add to base moieties [2], with the majority of HO attacks occurring at this location, or abstract a Hatom from 2-deoxyribose units [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%