Reactions of the Uterine Muscle and Endometrium of the Rabbit to Testosterone

Robson, J. M.

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1937.sp000727

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Robson (1937) was the first to suggest that androgens may have an inhibitory action on uterine muscle contraction. Following a 4-day administration of 12 mg of testosterone propionate (a small fast-acting ester of testosterone) to ovariectomized non-pregnant rabbits, he examined the contractile response of their uterus to 1 unit of injected oxytocin both in vivo and in vitro .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgens in pregnancy: roles in parturition

Makieva

Saunders

Norman

2014

Human Reproduction Update

187

143

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BACKGROUNDUnderstanding the physiology of pregnancy enables effective management of pregnancy complications that could otherwise be life threatening for both mother and fetus. A functional uterus (i) retains the fetus in utero during pregnancy without initiating stretch-induced contractions and (ii) is able to dilate the cervix and contract the myometrium at term to deliver the fetus. The onset of labour is associated with successful cervical remodelling and contraction of myometrium, arising from concomitant activation of uterine immune and endocrine systems. A large body of evidence suggests that actions of local steroid hormones may drive changes occurring in the uterine microenvironment at term. Although there have been a number of studies considering the potential role(s) played by progesterone and estrogen at the time of parturition, the bio-availability and effects of androgens during pregnancy have received less scrutiny. The aim of this review is to highlight potential roles of androgens in the biology of pregnancy and parturition.METHODSA review of published literature was performed to address (i) androgen concentrations, including biosynthesis and clearance, in maternal and fetal compartments throughout gestation, (ii) associations of androgen concentrations with adverse pregnancy outcomes, (iii) the role of androgens in the physiology of cervical remodelling and finally (iv) the role of androgens in the physiology of myometrial function including any impact on contractility.RESULTSSome, but not all, androgens increase throughout gestation in maternal circulation. The effects of this increase are not fully understood; however, evidence suggests that increased androgens might regulate key processes during pregnancy and parturition. For example, androgens are believed to be critical for cervical remodelling at term, in particular cervical ripening, via regulation of cervical collagen fibril organization. Additionally, a number of studies highlight potential roles for androgens in myometrial relaxation via non-genomic, AR-independent pathways critical for the pregnancy reaching term. Understanding of the molecular events leading to myometrial relaxation is an important step towards development of novel targeted tocolytic drugs.CONCLUSIONSThe increase in androgen levels throughout gestation is likely to be important for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and initiation of parturition. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of androgen action on cervical remodelling and myometrial contractility is needed. The insights gained may facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to manage pregnancy complications such as preterm birth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgens in pregnancy: roles in parturition

Makieva

Saunders

Norman

2014

Human Reproduction Update

187

143

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“…of a group of animals. Thus cestrone was injected in total doses of 0.1 or 0 2 jug., as it has been previously shown [Hain & Robson, 1936] that such doses give a positive effect in more than half the animals of a grouip of twenty. The dose of cestradiol was 0 05,ug., and this also produced full cornification in more than half the mice.…”

Section: It Inhibition Of Activity Of Injected Oestrogensmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Robson, 1936] that such doses give a positive effect in more than half the animals of a grouip of twenty. The dose of cestradiol was 0 05,ug., and this also produced full cornification in more than half the mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It was soon found that comparatively small doses of the " male hormone " testosterone were able to inhibit cestrus and the action of cestrin in the mouse [Robson, 1936].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since a number of pure synthetic compounds with " male hormone " properties has recently been prepared, it became desirable to investigate their action on the sex cycle, especially as accurate quantitative work is now possible. It was soon found that comparatively small doses of the " male hormone " testosterone were able to inhibit cestrus and the action of cestrin in the mouse [Robson, 1936].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative data on the inhibition of œstrus by testosterone, progesterone, and certain other compounds

Robson¹

1938

The Journal of Physiology

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The effect of male hormone substances upon birth and prenatal development in the rat

Hamilton

Wolfe

1938

Anat. Rec.

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A l b a n y Medical College, U n i o a UniversityInterference with the normal birth meclianism in rats results from excessive amounts of various hormones, such as from pihitar:-and placental extracts, and pregnancy urine (Teel, '26 ; Evans and Simpson, '29 ; Levin, Katznian and Doisy, '31 ; Hoopes, '34; Hain, '32), pituitary implants (Engle a n d Illerrnod, '28 ; Hain, '32) , luted extracts (Nelson, Pfiffner and Haterius, '30) , hypopliysectomy (Pencharz and Long, 3 3 ) , and cstrin (Parkes, '30; Hain, '35). Influence upon the proccsses of parturition is not limited to pituitary and female hormoiies, however, as shown by tlie data of the present paper concerning the effect of androgenic material upon parturition and prenatal development. XATCRIAL AND METHOlXVaginal smears mere made upon mated female rats for the detection of pregnancy (finding of sperm) and the aninials separated and weigliecl daily during the duration of the pregnancy. At various intervals from 10 to 17 days after the finding of sperm in tlie vaginal smear, daily injection of testosterone propionate was hegun. Subcutaneous injections of 500 gamma of testosterone propionate were continued daily until parturition or until autopsy of the animal. In an additional eight animals not listed in table 1, only one injection 'Aided by a grant from the International Ckineer Research Foundation t o ' Furnished through coin trsp of Cibs Company under the trndc namc, Perandren. J. B. €1. 433 TJIE BNATClYIClL RFCORD \ O L 7 0 KO 4 AND BUJ'PLhMFNT KO ' 3

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Reactions of the Uterine Muscle and Endometrium of the Rabbit to Testosterone

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Androgens in pregnancy: roles in parturition

Androgens in pregnancy: roles in parturition

Quantitative data on the inhibition of œstrus by testosterone, progesterone, and certain other compounds

The effect of male hormone substances upon birth and prenatal development in the rat

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