Reactions on Mineral Dust

Usher, Courtney R.; Michel, and Amy E.; Grassian, Vicki H.

doi:10.1021/cr020657y

Cited by 884 publications

(982 citation statements)

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“…Some model studies [Bauer and Koch, 2005;Liao and Seinfeld, 2005] consider an aqueous phase oxidation of SO 2 by O 3 on mineral dust after its uptake. Bauer and Koch [2005] chose an uptake coefficient of 10 À4 for RH > 60% and 10 À7 for RH < 60% on the basis of the work of Usher et al [2002Usher et al [ , 2003 and Ullerstam et al [2002Ullerstam et al [ , 2003. Dentener et al [1996] and Liao and Seinfeld [2005] used a value of 0.1 for RH > 50% and 3 Â 10 À4 for dryer conditions.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol‐chemistry‐climate ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE‐P experiment

et al. 2008

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[1] In this paper, we introduce the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ aerosol-chemistry-climate model that includes fully interactive simulations of Ox-NOx-hydrocarbons chemistry and of aerosol microphysics (including prognostic size distribution and mixing state of aerosols) implemented in the General Circulation Model ECHAM5. The photolysis rates used in the gas chemistry account for aerosol and cloud distributions and a comprehensive set of heterogeneous reactions is implemented. The model is evaluated with trace gas and aerosol observations provided by the TRACE-P aircraft experiment. Sulfate concentrations are well captured but black carbon concentrations are underestimated. The number concentrations, surface areas, and optical properties are reproduced fairly well near the surface but underestimated in the upper troposphere. CO concentrations are well reproduced in general while O 3 concentrations are overestimated by 10-20 ppbv. We find that heterogeneous chemistry significantly influences the regional and global distributions of a number of key trace gases. Heterogeneous reactions reduce the ozone surface concentrations by 18-23% over the TRACE-P region and the global annual mean O 3 burden by 7%. The annual global mean OH concentration decreases by 10% inducing a 7% increase in the global CO burden. Annual global mean HNO 3 surface concentration decreases by 15% because of heterogenous reaction on mineral dust. A comparison of our results to those from previous studies suggests that the choice of uptake coefficients for a given species is the critical parameter that determines the global impact of heterogeneous chemistry on a trace gas (rather than the description of aerosol properties and distributions). A prognostic description of the size distribution and mixing state of the aerosols is important, however, to account for the effect of heterogeneous chemistry on aerosols as further discussed in the second part of this two-part series.Citation: Pozzoli, L., I. Bey, S. Rast, M. G. Schultz, P. Stier, and J. Feichter (2008), Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol-chemistry-climate ECHAM5-HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE-P experiment,

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Section: Heterogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol‐chemistry‐climate ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE‐P experiment

et al. 2008

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“…Mineral aerosols play an important role in the global climate change by absorbing and scattering solar radiation as well as acting as cloud condensation nucleus, which is the major uncertainty for future climate change prediction (IPCC, 2007). Modeling, field observations and laboratory study suggest that mineral aerosol could act as a reactive surface with trace atmospheric gases, thus, influencing the trace atmospheric gas budget through heterogeneous reactions (Zhang et al, 1994;Dentener et al, 1996;Usher et al, 2003), and aerosol water content has been reported to affect the uptake rate of reactive gases (Liu et al, 2009). Therefore, measurements of hygroscopic growth and associated water content are necessary to understand the radiative and chemical effects of tropospheric aerosol species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ DRIFTS study of hygroscopic behavior of mineral aerosol

Liu

2010

Journal of Environmental Sciences

107

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In situ diffusion reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to study the water adsorption on mineral oxides (SiO 2 , α-Al 2 O 3 , MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 ). The results showed that all the water adsorption isotherms were well fitted with the Brunauer-EmmettTeller (BET)-III type equation, with the calculated monolayers occurring at 24%-30% relative humidity. It showed that about 1-5 layers of water adsorbed on oxides surfaces in ambient relative humidity (20%-90%). The measured deliquescence relative humidity of NaCl was (74 ± 1)%, which demonstrated that DRIFTS is a useful method for the study the hygroscopic behavior of mineral dust. In addition, the limits of DRIFTS were also discussed.

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“…There is no significant difference in ice nucleation efficiency between unaged montmorillonite, 100% pure SO 2 -aged montmorillonite, and 45 ppm SO 2 -aged montmorillonite under the current experimental conditions. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) converted to sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) through oxidation process (Usher et al 2003;Umann et al 2005). Thus, both SO 2 and H 2 SO 4 increase as a result of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible reason may be that they do not undergo any chemical interactions with montmorillonite dust aerosols. The literature suggests that there is very little interaction between mineral dusts and sulfur dioxide (Umann et al 2005;Usher et al 2003). Actually, different correlations (positive, negative, and no correlation) were detected between mineral dust and sulfur dioxide gas (Umann et al 2005).…”

Section: Interpretation and Atmospheric Implications Of The Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mineral dust is recognized as a potential sink for some atmospheric trace gases such as ammonia (Russell 1965) and sulfur dioxide (Ullerstam et al 2003;Usher et al 2003). In earlier studies, Birstein (1957Birstein ( , 1960 investigated the chemisorption of trace gases on the surface of silver iodide and lead iodide and, subsequently, their impact on ice formation in a super-cooled cloud at −20°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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