Reactivation and Evaluation of Mastery Experiences Promotes Exposure Benefit in Height Phobia

Raeder, Friederike; Woud, Marcella L.; Schneider, Silvia; Totzeck, Christina; Adolph, Dirk; Margraf, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10018-x

Cited by 26 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Accordingly, self-efficacy has also been proposed as a mechanism of change in cognitive-behavioral treatment of such disorders, including panic disorder (Bouchard et al, 2007;Gallagher et al, 2013) and social anxiety disorder (Goldin et al, 2012), where cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy was identified as an important mechanism. This is also in line with the most recent findings that augmenting exposure treatment for height phobia with reactivation and evaluation of personal mastery experiences increased self-efficacy and led to better clinical outcomes in fear and avoidance (Raeder, Woud, et al, 2019).…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Recalling autobiographical self-efficacy episodes boosts reappraisal-effects on negative emotional memories.

Paersch¹,

Schulz²,

Wilhelm³

et al. 2022

Emotion

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Self-efficacy is a key construct in behavioral science with significant impact on mental health and wellbeing. A growing body of work has shown that perceptions of self-efficacy can be increased through recall of autobiographical episodes (AEs) of mastery ("self-efficacy memories") in experimental settings. Doing so contributes to improvements in clinically relevant processes, such as emotion regulation and problem solving. Here we examine whether the recall of self-efficacy AEs contributes to more adaptive appraisals for personally experienced negative memories. Seventy-five healthy individuals each identified an idiosyncratic personal negative memory that was screened for emotional attributes. Participants were then asked to either recall self-efficacy (SE, n ϭ 25) or positive (POS, n ϭ 25) autobiographical episodes. We investigated induction effects on subsequent reappraisals of the personal negative memories. The SE induction was associated with significant reductions in distress, and subjective physiological responses as compared to the POS induction. No significant induction effects emerged in autonomic regulation. These findings suggest that recalling self-efficacy episodes may promote adaptive self-appraisals for negative memories, which in turn may contribute to recovery from stressful events and, with further research, may prove to be a useful adjunctive strategy for treatments such as CBT.

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Recalling autobiographical self-efficacy episodes boosts reappraisal-effects on negative emotional memories.

Paersch¹,

Schulz²,

Wilhelm³

et al. 2022

Emotion

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“…Inhibitory learning theory posits that a mismatch between expected and actual outcome during exposure drives the development and retention of new non-fearful associations important for long-term reduction in fear (Craske et al, 2008;Craske, Treanor, Conway, Zbozinek, & Verlivet, 2014). Consistent with this theory, maximizing expectancy violations (Deacon et al, 2013) and increasing attention to the non-occurrence of feared outcomes (Raeder et al, 2019) has been shown to improve exposure outcomes. Therefore, highlighting the extent to which expectancies were violated in a prior exposure could help to more effectively recall the nonthreat associations previously developed, thereby decreasing fear levels in a new exposure situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Enhanced mental reinstatement of exposure to improve extinction generalization: A study on claustrophobia and MRI fear

Carpenter¹,

Moskow²,

Hofmann³

2021

Preprint

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Fear of enclosed spaces prevents many people from receiving magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) scans. Although exposure therapy can effectively treat such fears, reductions in fear during exposure often do not generalize beyond the context in which they took place. This study tested a strategy designed to increase generalization, which involved revisiting the memory of a prior exposure to enhance retrieval of extinction learning. Forty-five participants with claustrophobia that included fear of MRI scans underwent a series of exposures lying inside a narrow cabinet. One week later, participants were randomly assigned to enhanced mental reinstatement (EMR) or control procedures. Prior to entering a mock MRI scanner, EMR participants recalled the memory of exposure training and listened to an audio recording of themselves describing what they learned, whereas control participants recalled a neutral memory. Compared to the control condition, EMR led to significantly reduced heart rate reactivity in the mock MRI scanner, but not self-reported fear or avoidance. There were no differences between conditions in claustrophobia symptoms or MRI fear at one-month follow-up. Results suggest some benefits of mental reinstatement for improving generalization of gains following exposure training for claustrophobia, with measures of subjective fear and physiological arousal showing discordant outcomes.

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“…Therefore, manipulation of self-efficacy via different sources might be interesting to examine its role on associative learning. In this instance, we (Raeder et al., 2019) and others (Morina et al., 2017) have recently investigated the possibility to increase self-efficacy trough reactivation of personal mastery experiences. Future studies incorporating such manipulations of self-efficacy during fear conditioning would be interesting to extend our understanding on the functional link between self-efficacy and associative learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would be interesting to examine the contribution of perceived self-efficacy to such threat expectancy bias in clinical population. Furthermore, since techniques to increase self-efficacy in clinical samples (Morina et al., 2017; Raeder et al., 2019) have been developed, one might examine how these manipulations affect the ability to estimate the probability of stimulus-threat associations in clinical anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Perceived Self-Efficacy Impedes Discriminative Fear Learning

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Perceived self-efficacy refers to a subject’s expectation about the outcomes his/her behavior will have in a challenging situation. Low self-efficacy has been implicated in the origins and maintenance of phobic behavior. Correlational studies suggest an association between perceived self-efficacy and learning. The experimental manipulation of perceived self-efficacy offers an interesting approach to examine the impact of self-efficacy beliefs on cognitive and emotional functions. Recently, a positive effect of an experimentally induced increased self-efficacy on associative learning has been demonstrated. Changes in associative learning constitute a central hallmark of pathological fear and anxiety. Such alterations in the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear may be related to cognitive and neurobiological factors that predict a certain vulnerability to anxiety disorders. The present study builds on previous own work by investigating the effect of an experimentally induced low perceived self-efficacy on fear acquisition, extinction and extinction retrieval in a differential fear conditioning task. Our results suggest that a negative verbal feedback, which leads to a decreased self-efficacy, is associated with changes in the acquisition of conditioned fear. During fear acquisition, the negative verbal feedback group showed decreased discrimination of fear responses between the aversive and safe conditioned stimuli (CS) relative to a group receiving a neutral feedback. The effects of the negative verbal feedback on the acquisition of fear discrimination learning were indexed by an impaired ability to discriminate the probability of receiving a shock during acquisition upon presentation of the aversive (CS+) relative to the safe stimuli (CS−). However, the effects of low self-efficacy on discrimination learning were limited to fear acquisition. No differences between the groups were observed during extinction and extinction retrieval. Furthermore, analysis of other outcome measures, i.e., skin conductance responses and CS valence ratings, revealed no group differences during the different phases of fear conditioning. In conclusion, lower perceived self-efficacy alters cognitive/expectancy components of discrimination during fear learning but not evaluative components and physiological responding. The pattern of findings suggests a selective, detrimental role of low(er) self-efficacy on the subject’s ability to learn the association between ambiguous cues and threat/safety.

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Reactivation and Evaluation of Mastery Experiences Promotes Exposure Benefit in Height Phobia

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Recalling autobiographical self-efficacy episodes boosts reappraisal-effects on negative emotional memories.

Recalling autobiographical self-efficacy episodes boosts reappraisal-effects on negative emotional memories.

Enhanced mental reinstatement of exposure to improve extinction generalization: A study on claustrophobia and MRI fear

Low Perceived Self-Efficacy Impedes Discriminative Fear Learning

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